1 Isingeniso
I-China ibilokhu ikhuthaza udaka olulodwa oluxutshwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Ikakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, iminyango kahulumeni kazwelonke efanelekile inamathisele ukubaluleka ekwakhiweni kodaka olumiswe ngomumo futhi kwakhipha izinqubomgomo ezikhuthazayo. Njengamanje, kunezifundazwe kanye nezifundazwe ezingaphezu kuka-10 ezweni elisebenzise udaka olulodwa oluxutshwe. Bangaphezu kuka-60%, kunamabhizinisi kangudaka lodaka angaphezu kwama-800 ahlanganisiwe ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile, anomthamo wonyaka wamathani wezigidi ezingama-274. Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kodaka okujwayelekile okuxubile kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-62.02.
Ngesikhathi sokwakha, udaka luvame ukuphelelwa amanzi amaningi futhi alinaso isikhathi esanele namanzi ukuze sinhle nge-hydrate, okuholela ekungeneni kukakonasi kanye nokuqhekeka komatimu kasimende ngemuva kokuqina. I-Cellulose Ether iyinhlangano evamile ye-polymer ku-wonduluka oxutshwe omile. Inemisebenzi yokugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina, ukubuyiselwa emuva kanye nokufakwa komoya, futhi kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka.
Ukuze wenze udaka ahlangabezane nezidingo zokuhamba futhi axazulule izinkinga zokuqhekeka namandla aphansi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwengeza i-cellulose ether ku-tertar. Le ndatshana yethula kafushane izici ze-cellulose ether kanye nethonya layo ekwenzeni izinto zokwenza amasimende, ngethemba lokusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nobuchwepheshe zodaka olulodwa olulungiselelwe.
2 Isingeniso ku-CelLose Ether
I-Cellulose Ether (cellulose Ether) yenziwa kusuka ku-cellulose ngokuphendula okuthe xaxa kwe-ejenti eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ukubhema nokugaya owomile.
2.1 Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-cellulose afers
Ngokwesakhiwo samakhemikhali se-Ether Substitunts, ama-cellulose afers ahlukaniswe zaba izithambiso ze-anionic, i-cationic kanye nezomuntu. I-Ionic Cellulose Afers ikakhulukazi ifaka phakathi i-carboxymethylllyl cellulose ether (CMC); AbakwaNonic Cellulose Abaphoti ikakhulukazi bafaka ikakhulukazi i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-Hydroxypropylyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) neHydroxyethyl fiber ether (HC) nokunye. Abangewona ama-Ionic tifer bahlukaniswe izitha ezingenamanzi kanye nabathambisi abangenamanzi. Abakwa-Non-Ioluble Sufluble Abathakathi basetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni yodaka. Lapho kuba khona kwe-calcium ions, i-Ionic Cellulose Afers ayizinzile, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yodaka eyomile esebenzisa usimende, i-lime evuthayo, njll. Njengezinto zokwehla. Izithambiso ze-cellulose ezingezona ezingenazo zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezinto zokwakha ngenxa yokuqina kwawo ukumiswa kanye nomphumela wokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Ngokusho kwabakwa-Eletherification Agents ehlukile abakhethwe kwinqubo yokusheshisa, imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether ifaka i-methyl cellulose, i-hydroxyyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyylllll yldroxesyl cellulose, i-ethyboxyllosel thrulose, i-hydroxyllosel thrule phenyl cellulose.
I-Cellulose Tathers esetshenziselwa udaka imvamisa ifaka i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hpmpypropyly methyl celtule
2.2 Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-cellulose ether
I-cellulose ether ngayinye inesakhiwo esiyisisekelo sesakhiwo se-cellulose-anhydroglucose. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether, i-cellulose fiber ifudunyezwa okokuqala kwikhambi le-alkali futhi bese liphathwe nge-ejenti etherati. Umkhiqizo wokuphendula we-fibrous uhlanzwa futhi umhlabathi ukuze wakhe i-powder efanayo ngobunzima obuthile.
Ekwenziweni kwe-MC, i-methyl chloride kuphela esetshenziswa njenge-ejenti etherizayo; Ngaphezu kwe-methyl chloride, i-propelene oxide nayo isetshenziselwa ukuthola ubufakazi be-hydroxypropyl ekukhiqizweni kwe-HPMC. I-Cellulose Talvulers ehlukahlukene inamazinga okufakwa esikhundleni se-methyl kanye ne-hydroxypropylly, okuthinta ukuhambisana kwe-organic kanye nokushisa kwe-gel okushisayo kwesixazululo se-cellulose ether.
2.3 Izici zokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether
Izici zokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether zinethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni kosimende kasimende. I-Celsulose Ether ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ngcono ukuhlangana nokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka ngosimende, kepha lokhu kuya ngokuthi i-cellulose ether esetshenziswa ngokuphelele futhi kuncibilike ngokuphelele emanzini. Izici eziphambili ezithinta ukuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether kuyisikhathi sokuqothula, isivinini esishukumisayo nobunzima bempuphu.
2.4 Indima yokucwila ku-cunmer data
Njengesengezo esibalulekile sikasimende Slurry, chitha ube nomphumela wayo kulezi zinto ezilandelayo.
(1) Thuthukisa ukusebenziseka kodaka futhi wandise ukubonakala kodaka.
Ukufaka i-Flame Jet kungavimbela udaka ekuhlukanisene futhi uthole umfaniswano wepulasitiki ofanayo. Isibonelo, amadokodo afaka i-hemc, i-HPMC, njll., Alungele udaka oluncane ongqimba nodaka. , Izinga le-Shear, izinga lokushisa, ukuwa okuhlushwa kanye nokuhlushwa usawoti okuncibilikisiwe.
(2) Inomphumela wokufaka umoya.
Ngenxa yokungcola, ukwethulwa kwamaqembu ezinhlwini zezinhlayiya kunciphisa amandla angaphezulu kwezinhlayiya, futhi kulula ukwethula izinhlayiya ezizinzile, ezifanayo nezinhle ku-dolobha elixutshwe nendawo exutshwe nendawo exubile kwinqubo. "Ukusebenza kahle kwebhola" kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezokwakha kodaka, kunciphisa umswakama wodaka nokwehlisa ukuthuthuka okushisayo kodaka. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisile ukuthi lapho inani elihlanganayo le-hemc ne-HPMC lingu-0.5%, okuqukethwe yigesi ngodaka kungobukhulu, cishe ngama-55%; Lapho inani elihlanganisiwe likhulu kune-0,5%, okuqukethwe kodaka kancane kukhula kube umkhuba wokuqukethwe kwegesi njengoba inani lenyuka.
(3) Yigcine ingashintshiwe.
I-wax ingancibilikisa, gcoba futhi ivuse ngodaka, bese ilungiselela ukushelela kwesendlalelo esincanyana sodaka no-powder wokufaka. Akudingi ukufakwa kusekwe kusengaphambili. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa, imininingwane eqinisekisiwe nayo ingaba nesikhathi eside se-hydration eqhubekayo ngasogwini ukuze sithuthukise ukunamathela phakathi kosimende kanye ne-substrate.
Imiphumela yokuguqulwa ye-cellulose ether ngezinto zokwenziwa ngokomusi osuselwa kumasimende ikakhulukazi ifaka phakathi ukuqina, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukufakwa komoya kanye nokubuyiselwa emuva. Ngokusebenzisa kabanzi kwe-cellulose izithathekisa izinto zokwenza amasimende, ukuxhumana phakathi kwezithambisi ze-cellulose kanye nosimende
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-16-2021