1 Isingeniso
I-China isineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-20 ikhuthaza udaka oluxubekile. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yakamuva, iminyango kahulumeni kazwelonke efanele ibeke ukubaluleka kokwakhiwa kodaka oseluxubile futhi yakhipha izinqubomgomo ezikhuthazayo. Njengamanje, kunezifundazwe nomasipala abangaphezu kwe-10 ezweni asebesebenzise udaka oluxubekile. Ngaphezu kwama-60%, kunamabhizinisi odaka asele alungile angaphezu kuka-800 ngaphezu kwesikali esivamile, anomthamo wonyaka wokuklama amathani ayizigidi ezingama-274. Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa konyaka kodaka olujwayelekile oluxubekile kwaba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-62.02.
Phakathi nenqubo yokwakha, udaka luvame ukulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi futhi alunaso isikhathi esanele namanzi okukhipha amanzi, okuholela ekubeni namandla anganele kanye nokuqhekeka kokunamathisela usimende ngemva kokuqina. I-Cellulose ether iyingxube ye-polymer evamile odakeni oluxutshwe okomile. Inemisebenzi yokugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina, ukuvinjelwa kanye nokufaka umoya, futhi ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka.
Ukuze wenze udaka luhlangabezane nezidingo zokuthutha futhi uxazulule izinkinga zokuqhekeka namandla okubopha okuphansi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwengeza i-cellulose ether kudaka. Lesi sihloko sethula kafushane izici ze-cellulose ether kanye nomthelela wayo ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezisekelwe kusimende, ngethemba lokusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene zobuchwepheshe zodaka oluxubekile.
2 Isingeniso se-cellulose ether
I-Cellulose Ether (I-Cellulose Ether) yenziwe nge-cellulose ngokusabela kwe-etherification ye-etherification eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kanye nokugaya okomile.
2.1 Ukuhlelwa kwama-cellulose ethers
Ngokuya ngesakhiwo samakhemikhali se-ether substituent, ama-cellulose ether angahlukaniswa abe ama-anionic, ama-cationic nama-nonionic ether. Ionic cellulose ethers ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa i-carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); ama-non-ionic cellulose ether ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) kanye ne-hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) njalonjalo. Ama-ether angewona ama-ionic ahlukaniswe abe ama-ether ancibilika emanzini kanye nama-ether ancibilika uwoyela. Ama-ether angewona ama-ionic ancibilika emanzini asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yodaka. Lapho kukhona i-calcium ions, i-ionic cellulose ethers ayizinzile, ngakho-ke ayivami ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yodaka eyomile esebenzisa usimende, i-slaked lime, njll. njengezinto zokuhlanganisa. I-non-ionic water-soluble cellulose ethers isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezinto zokwakha ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kokumiswa kanye nomphumela wokugcina amanzi.
Ngokusho kwama-etherification ahlukene akhethiwe kunqubo ye-etherification, imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether ihlanganisa i-methyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, i-cyanoethyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-Ethyl cellulose, i-benzyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose phenyl cellulose.
Ama-cellulose ether asetshenziswa odaka ngokuvamile ahlanganisa i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) kanye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC) Phakathi kwazo, i-HPMC ne-HEMC yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
2.2 Izici zamakhemikhali ze-cellulose ether
I-cellulose ether ngayinye inesakhiwo esiyisisekelo sesakhiwo se-cellulose-anhydroglucose. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether, i-cellulose fiber iqala ukushiswa ngesisombululo se-alkaline bese iphathwa nge-etherifying agent. Umkhiqizo we-fibrous reaction uyahlanzwa futhi ugaywe ukuze wenze impushana efanayo ngokucoleka okuthile.
Ekukhiqizeni i-MC, i-methyl chloride kuphela esetshenziswa njenge-ejenti etherifying; ngaphezu kwe-methyl chloride, i-propylene oxide iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuthola ama-substituents e-hydroxypropyl ekukhiqizeni i-HPMC. Ama-cellulose ether ahlukahlukene anezilinganiso ezihlukile zokushintshwa kwe-methyl kanye ne-hydroxypropyl, athinta ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinga lokushisa elishisayo lejeli lesixazululo se-cellulose ether.
2.3 Izici zokuqedwa ze-cellulose ether
Izici zokuncibilika ze-cellulose ether zinomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kodaka lukasimende. I-Cellulose ether ingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuhlangana nokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka lukasimende, kodwa lokhu kuncike ekutheni i-cellulose ether incibilike ngokuphelele futhi ngokugcwele emanzini. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuqedwa kwe-cellulose ether isikhathi sokuchithwa, isivinini esishukumisayo kanye nempushana emihle.
2.4 Iqhaza lokucwila odakeni lukasimende
Njengesengezo esibalulekile se-cement slurry, i-Destroy inomphumela wayo kulezi zici ezilandelayo.
(1) Thuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka futhi ukwandise i-viscosity yodaka.
Ukufaka indiza yomlilo kungavimbela udaka ekuhlukaniseni futhi kutholwe umzimba wepulasitiki omfaniswano nofanayo. Isibonelo, amadokodo ahlanganisa i-HEMC, i-HPMC, njll., alungele udaka olunongqimba oluncane kanye nokuplastwa. , Izinga le-Shear, izinga lokushisa, ukugxila kokuwa nokuhlushwa kukasawoti oncibilikisiwe.
(2) Inomphumela wokungenisa umoya.
Ngenxa yokungcola, ukwethulwa kwamaqembu ezinhlayiyeni kunciphisa amandla angaphezulu ezinhlayiya, futhi kulula ukwethula izinhlayiya ezizinzile, ezifaniswayo nezinhle odakeni oluxutshwe nobuso obunyakazayo kule nqubo. "Ukusebenza kahle kwebhola" kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka, kunciphisa umswakama wodaka futhi kunciphisa ukuqhutshwa kokushisa kodaka. Ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi uma inani elihlanganisiwe le-HEMC ne-HPMC liyi-0.5%, okuqukethwe kwegesi kodaka kukhulu kakhulu, mayelana ne-55%; lapho inani lokuxuba likhulu kuno-0.5%, okuqukethwe kodaka kancane kancane kukhula kube ithrendi yokuqukethwe kwegesi njengoba inani landa.
(3) Yigcine ingashintshiwe.
I-wax ingancibilika, igcobe futhi inyakaze odakeni, futhi yenze kube lula ukushelela kongqimba oluncane lodaka kanye nempushana yokukhonkolo. Ayidingi ukumanziswa kusenesikhathi. Ngemva kokwakhiwa, i-cementitious material ingaba nesikhathi eside sokugeleza okuqhubekayo ogwini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunamathela phakathi kodaka kanye ne-substrate.
Imithelela yokuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether ezintweni ezintsha esekwe kusimende ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa ukujiya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukungena komoya kanye nokubambezeleka. Ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwama-cellulose ethers ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-cellulose ethers kanye nodaka lukasimende kancane kancane kuba indawo yocwaningo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-16-2021