Ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyanionic cellulose (PAC) e-Fracting fluid

I-Polyanionic Cellulose (i-PAC) i-celluble celluble cellulose esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini kawoyela negesi, ikakhulukazi ekufezekiseni ukwakheka koketshezi. Ukuphupha kwe-Hydraulic, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Fracking, kuyindlela yokugqugquzela esetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukukhishwa kwamafutha kanye negesi yemvelo kusuka ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo. Ama-PACs adlala izindima ezahlukahlukene ezibucayi ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi ye-hydraulic yokuphupha, efaka isandla ekusebenzeni kahle, ukuqina kanye nempumelelo ephelele yenqubo.

1. Isingeniso ku-polyanionic cellulose (PAC):

I-Polyanionic Cellulose isuselwa ku-cellulose, i-polymer yemvelo etholakala ezindongeni zeseli zezitshalo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PAC kufaka ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-cellulose, okuholele ku-anionic polymer engenawo amanzi. Izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zikwenza kufanelekile ukuthola izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi njengesithako esiyisihluthulelo ekuphumeni kokwakheka koketshezi.

2. Indima ye-PAC ecaleni uketshezi:

Ukungeza i-PAC ekuphumeni koketshezi kungaguqula izakhiwo zayo ze-rheological, lawula ukulahleka koketshezi, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kwamanzi. Izakhiwo zayo ezisebenzayo zifaka isandla empumelelweni yokuphupha kwe-hydraulic ngezindlela eziningi.

2.1 Ukuguqulwa kwe-Rheological:

I-PAC isebenza njengesiguquli se-Rheology, okuthinta i-viscosity kanye nokugeleza kwezimpawu zokwehla kwamanzi. Ukuvunyelwa okulawulwayo kubalulekile ekulethweni kahle kwe-proppant, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-proppant ithwalwa ngempumelelo futhi ibekwe ngaphakathi kwama-fractures adalwe ekwakhekeni kwamadwala.

2.2 Ukulawulwa kokulahlekelwa kwamanzi:

Enye yezinselelo zokuphupha kwe-hydraulic kuvimbela uketshezi oluningi kusuka ekulahlekelweni ekwakhekeni. I-PAC ingalawula ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwamanzi futhi yakha ikhekhe lokuhlunga elivikelayo endaweni yokuqhekeka. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ubuqotho bokuqhekeka, kuvimbela ukushumeka kwe-proppant kanye nokuqinisekisa ukukhiqiza kahle.

2.3 Ukuvikelwa kokushisa:

I-PAC izinga lokushisa lizinzile, isici esiyisihluthulelo ekusebenzeni kwe-hydraulic ukufiphaza, okuvame ukudinga ukuvezwa kwamazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene. Amandla we-PAC ukuze alondoloze ukusebenza kwawo ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezahlukene zokushisa kunomthelela ekuthembekeni nasekuphumeleleni kwenqubo yokuphupha.

3. Izinyathelo zokuqapha zefomula:

Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwe-PAC olwela uketshezi kudinga ukucubungula ngokucophelela kwamapharamitha enziwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhethwa kwebanga le-PAC, ukugxila, kanye nokuhambisana nezinye izengezo. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-PAC nezinye izinto ku-fluid ophuphayo, ezinjengezixhumanisi eziwela kanye nama-breakers, kufanele zenzelwe ukusebenza kahle.

4. Ukucatshangelwa Kwezemvelo Nokulawula:

Njengoba ukuqwashisa kwezemvelo kanye nemithethonqubo yokuphupha kwe-hydraulic iyaqhubeka nokuvela, ukusetshenziswa kwama-PACs ofwini olwehlaselayo kuyahambisana nemizamo yezimboni yokuthuthukisa ukwakheka okwengeziwe kwemvelo. I-PAC iyanyibilika futhi i-biodegladable, inciphisa umthelela wezemvelo nokuxazulula izinkinga ezihambisana nezithasiselo zamakhemikhali ekuphumeni kwe-hydraulic.

I-5. Izifundo zamacala nezinhlelo zokusebenza zensimu:

Izifundo ezimbalwa zezifundo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zensimu zikhombisa ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwe-PAC ekuphumeni kwe-hydraulic. Lezi zibonelo zigqamisa ukuthuthuka kokusebenza, ukusebenza kwezindleko nezinzuzo zemvelo zokufaka i-PAC ekuphumeni kokwenziwa kwamanzi.

6. Izinselelo nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo:

Ngenkathi i-PAC ifakazele ukuthi iyingxenye ebalulekile ekuphumeni uketshezi, izinselelo zihlala zinjengezinkinga zokuhambisana namanzi athile enziwe kanye nesidingo sokucwaninga okwengeziwe emiphumeleni yawo yesikhathi eside yemvelo. Ukuthuthuka esikhathini esizayo kungagxila ekubhekaneni nalezi zinselelo, kanye nokuhlola okwenziwe okusha nobuchwepheshe ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusimama kwe-hydraulic ukuphupha ukusebenza.

7. Isiphetho:

I-Polyanionic Cellulose (PAC) idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni koketshezi lokuphupha kwemisebenzi ye-hydraulic ephuphayo embonini kawoyela negesi. Izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zifaka isandla ekulawulweni kwe-Rheology, ukuvimbela ukulahleka koketshezi kanye nokuqina kokushisa, ekugcineni kuthuthukisa impumelelo yenqubo yokuphupha. Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokuvela, ukusetshenziswa kwe-PAC kuyahambisana nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo kanye nezidingo zokulawula, okwenza kube yingxenye ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela zokuqhekeka ze-hydraulic ezizinzileyo. Ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo kanye nemizamo yentuthuko kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni okwengeziwe ekuphumeni koketshezi lwe-PAC, ukubhekana nezinselelo nokwenza kahle ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo nezisebenzayo.