Ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyanionic cellulose (PAC) ku-fracturing fluid

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) iphuma ku-cellulose encibilika emanzini esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini kawoyela negesi, ikakhulukazi ekwenziweni koketshezi oluqhekekayo. I-Hydraulic fracturing, evame ukwaziwa ngokuthi i-fracking, iyindlela yokuvuselela esetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukukhishwa kukawoyela negesi yemvelo kumadamu angaphansi komhlaba. Ama-PAC adlala izindima eziningi ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic fracturing, okunomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle, ukuzinza kanye nempumelelo iyonke yenqubo.

1. Isingeniso se-polyanionic cellulose (PAC):

I-Polyanionic cellulose itholakala ku-cellulose, i-polymer yemvelo etholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezitshalo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PAC kuhilela ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali e-cellulose, okuholela ku-polymer anionic encibilika emanzini. Izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele ziyenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa njengesithako esiyinhloko ekwakhiweni koketshezi lwe-fracturing.

2. Iqhaza le-PAC ku-fracturing fluid:

Ukwengeza i-PAC oketshezini oluqhekekayo kungashintsha izici zayo ze-rheological, ukulawula ukulahlekelwa uketshezi, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza koketshezi kukonke. Izakhiwo zayo ezisebenza ngezinto eziningi zinomthelela empumelelweni ye-hydraulic fracturing ngezindlela eziningi.

2.1 Ukuguqulwa kwe-Rheological:

I-PAC isebenza njengesilungisi se-rheology, esithinta i-viscosity nezici zokugeleza koketshezi oluqhekekayo. I-viscosity elawulwayo ibalulekile ekulethweni kwe-proppant efanele, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-proppant iphathwa ngokuphumelelayo futhi ifakwe ngaphakathi kokuqhekeka okudalwe ekubunjweni kwamadwala.

2.2 Ukulawula ukulahleka kwamanzi:

Enye yezinselelo ze-hydraulic fracturing ukuvimbela uketshezi oluningi ukuthi lungalahleki ekubunjweni. I-PAC ingalawula ngempumelelo ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi futhi yakhe ikhekhe lesihlungi esivikelayo endaweni ephukile. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ubuqotho bokuphuka, kuvimbela ukushumeka okubalulekile futhi kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokukhiqiza okuhle.

2.3 Ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa:

I-PAC izinzile izinga lokushisa, into esemqoka ekusebenzeni kwe-hydraulic fracturing, evamise ukudinga ukuchayeka ebangeni elibanzi lamazinga okushisa. Amandla e-PAC okugcina ukusebenza kwawo ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezihlukene anikela ekuthembekeni nasekuphumeleleni kwenqubo yokuqhekeka.

3. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zefomula:

Ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwe-PAC oketshezini oluqhekekayo kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwamapharamitha okwakhiwa. Lokhu kubandakanya ukukhethwa kwebanga le-PAC, ukugxilisa ingqondo, nokuhambisana nezinye izithasiselo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-PAC nezinye izingxenye ku-fracturing fluid, njengama-cross-linker nama-breaker, kufanele kuthuthukiswe ukuze kusebenze kahle.

4. Ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo nokulawula:

Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngemvelo kanye nemithethonqubo yokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic iqhubeka nokuvela, ukusetshenziswa kwama-PAC oketshezini oluqhekekayo kuhambisana nemizamo yemboni yokuthuthukisa ukwakheka okunobungani kwemvelo. I-PAC iyancibilika emanzini futhi iyabola, inciphisa umthelela wendawo futhi ixazulula izinkinga ezihambisana nezithasiselo zamakhemikhali ekuqhekekeni kwe-hydraulic.

5. Izibonelo kanye nezicelo zenkambu:

Izifundo eziyizibonelo ezimbalwa kanye nezicelo zasensimini zibonisa ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwe-PAC ekuqhekekeni kwe-hydraulic. Lezi zibonelo zigqamisa ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza, ukuphumelela kwezindleko kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo zokufaka i-PAC ekwakhekeni koketshezi oluqhekekayo.

6. Izinselelo nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo:

Nakuba i-PAC ibonakale iyingxenye ebalulekile ekuqhekekeni koketshezi, izinselele zisekhona njengezinkinga zokuhambisana namanzi athile okwakheka kanye nesidingo socwaningo olwengeziwe mayelana nemithelela yawo yesikhathi eside yemvelo. Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ingase igxile ekubhekaneni nalezi zinselele, kanye nokuhlola ukwakheka okusha nobuchwepheshe ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusimama kokusebenza kokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic fracturing.

7. Isiphetho:

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni koketshezi oluqhekekayo lwemisebenzi yokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic embonini kawoyela negesi. Izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele zifaka isandla ekulawuleni i-rheology, ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa uketshezi kanye nokuzinza kwezinga lokushisa, ekugcineni kuthuthukise impumelelo yenqubo ye-fracturing. Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukusetshenziswa kwe-PAC kuyahambisana nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo kanye nezidingo zokulawula, okuyenza ibe yingxenye ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezinqubo ezisimeme zokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic fracturing. Imizamo eqhubekayo yocwaningo nentuthuko ingase iholele ekuthuthukisweni okwengeziwe ekwakhiweni koketshezi oluqhekekayo olusekelwe ku-PAC, ukubhekana nezinselele nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuma komhlaba nezimo zokusebenza.