Izinhlobo zezingxube ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni udaka oluxutshwe okomile, izici zazo zokusebenza, indlela yokwenza, kanye nomthelela wazo ekusebenzeni kwemikhiqizo yodaka oluxutshwe okomile. Umthelela wokuthuthukiswa kwama-ejenti okugcina amanzi njenge-cellulose ether ne-starch ether, i-latex powder ehlakazeka kabusha nezinto zefiber ekusebenzeni kodaka oluxutshwe okomile kwaxoxwa ngakho ngokugcizelela.
Ama-Admixtures adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwesakhiwo sodaka oluxutshwe okomile, kodwa ukwengezwa kodaka oluxutshwe okomile kwenza izindleko ezibonakalayo zemikhiqizo yodaka oluxutshwe okomile zibe phezulu kakhulu kunezodaka lwendabuko, oluhlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-40% izindleko zempahla odakeni oluxutshwe okomile. Njengamanje, ingxenye enkulu yenhlanganisela ihlinzekwa abakhiqizi bangaphandle, futhi umthamo wereferensi womkhiqizo nawo unikezwa umphakeli. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindleko zemikhiqizo yodaka oluxutshwe okomile zihlala ziphezulu, futhi kunzima ukwazisa amatshe ajwayelekile kanye nodaka lokunamathisela ngobuningi nezindawo ezibanzi; imikhiqizo yemakethe yezinga eliphezulu ilawulwa izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe, futhi abakhiqizi bakadaka oluxutshwe okomile banenzuzo ephansi kanye nokubekezelela amanani aphansi; Kunokuntuleka kocwaningo oluhlelekile noluqondiswe ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi, futhi amafomula angaphandle alandelwa ngobumpumputhe.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zizathu ezingenhla, leli phepha lihlaziya futhi liqhathanise izici ezithile eziyisisekelo zezingxube ezivame ukusetshenziswa, futhi kulesi sisekelo, lihlola ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yodaka oluxutshwe okomile kusetshenziswa izixube.
1 i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi
I-ejenti egcina amanzi iyinhlanganisela eyinhloko yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka oluxutshwe okomile, futhi ingenye yezixube ezibalulekile ukuze kutholwe izindleko zodaka oluxutshwe okomile.
1. I-Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose yitemu elijwayelekile lochungechunge lwemikhiqizo elakhiwe ukusabela kwe-alkali cellulose kanye ne-ejenti etherifying ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. I-alkali cellulose ithathelwa indawo ama-etherifying ahlukene ukuze kutholwe ama-cellulose ether ahlukene. Ngokwezakhiwo ze-ionization zama-substituents, ama-cellulose ether angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili: i-ionic (njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose) kanye ne-non-ionic (njenge-methyl cellulose). Ngokohlobo lwe-substituent, i-cellulose ether ingahlukaniswa ibe i-monoether (efana ne-methyl cellulose) ne-ether exutshiwe (njenge-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Ngokuvumelana ne-solubility ehlukene, ingahlukaniswa ibe inyibilika emanzini (njenge-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kanye ne-organic solvent-soluble (njenge-ethyl cellulose), njll. ihlukaniswe ngohlobo olusheshayo kanye nohlobo lokuchithwa olubambezelekile oluphathwayo.
Indlela yokusebenza ye-cellulose ether odakeni imi kanje:
(1) IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose incibilika kalula emanzini abandayo, futhi izohlangabezana nobunzima ekuncibilikeni emanzini ashisayo. Kodwa izinga lokushisa layo le-gelation emanzini ashisayo liphakeme kakhulu kunalelo le-methyl cellulose. I-solubility emanzini abandayo nayo ithuthuke kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-methyl cellulose.
(2) I-viscosity ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ihlobene nesisindo sayo samangqamuzana, futhi uma sikhulu isisindo samangqamuzana, i-viscosity iphakama. Ukushisa nakho kuthinta i-viscosity yayo, njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, i-viscosity iyancipha. Kodwa-ke, i-viscosity yayo ephezulu inomphumela ophansi wokushisa kune-methyl cellulose. Isixazululo saso sizinzile uma sigcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa.
(3) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuncike enanini layo elingeziwe, i-viscosity, njll., futhi izinga layo lokugcinwa kwamanzi ngaphansi kwenani elifanayo lokwengezwa lingaphezulu kwele-methyl cellulose.
(4) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile ku-asidi ne-alkali, futhi isisombululo sayo esinamanzi sizinzile kakhulu ebangeni le-pH = 2 ~ 12. I-Caustic soda namanzi e-lime anethonya elincane ekusebenzeni kwawo, kodwa i-alkali ingasheshisa ukuchithwa kwayo futhi ikhulise ukubukeka kwayo. IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile kusawoti ovamile, kodwa lapho ukuhlangana kwesixazululo sikasawoti kuphezulu, i-viscosity ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution ivame ukwanda.
(5) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ingaxutshwa nezinhlanganisela ze-polymer ezincibilika emanzini ukuze zenze isixazululo se-uniform kanye ne-viscosity ephakeme. Okufana ne-polyvinyl alcohol, isitashi ether, ushingamu wemifino, njll.
(6) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inokumelana ne-enzyme okungcono kune-methylcellulose, futhi isisombululo sayo mancane amathuba okuthi sonakaliswe ama-enzyme kune-methylcellulose.
(7) Ukunamathela kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ekwakhiweni kodaka kungaphezulu kwalokho kwe-methylcellulose.
2. I-Methylcellulose (MC)
Ngemuva kokuthi ukotini ocolisisiwe ulashwe nge-alkali, i-cellulose ether ikhiqizwa ngochungechunge lokusabela nge-methane chloride njenge-etherification agent. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushintsha lingu-1.6~2.0, futhi ukunyibilika nakho kuhlukile ngamazinga ahlukene okushintsha. Kungokwe-non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) I-methylcellulose iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, futhi kuyoba nzima ukuyincibilika emanzini ashisayo. Isixazululo saso esinamanzi sizinzile kakhulu ebangeni le-pH=3~12. Inokuhambisana okuhle nesitashi, i-guar gum, njll. kanye nama-surfactants amaningi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela izinga lokushisa le-gelation, i-gelation iyenzeka.
(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuncike enanini layo elingeziwe, i-viscosity, ukucoleka kwezinhlayiyana nezinga lokuqedwa. Ngokuvamile, uma inani elingeziwe likhulu, ukucoleka kuncane, futhi i-viscosity inkulu, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi liphezulu. Phakathi kwazo, inani lokwengeza linomthelela omkhulu ekugcinweni kwamanzi, futhi izinga le-viscosity alilingani ngokuqondile nezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi. Izinga lokuhlakazeka lincike kakhulu ezingeni lokuguqulwa kwendawo yezinhlayiya ze-cellulose kanye nokucoleka kwezinhlayiyana. Phakathi kwama-cellulose ether angenhla, i-methyl cellulose ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose anamazinga aphezulu okugcina amanzi.
(3) Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kuzothinta kakhulu izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi e-methyl cellulose. Ngokuvamile, lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu, kuba kubi nakakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Uma izinga lokushisa lodaka lidlula i-40 ° C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, okuthinta kakhulu ukwakhiwa kodaka.
(4) I-Methyl cellulose inomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni nasekunamatheleni kodaka. Igama elithi “adhesion” lapha libhekisela emandleni okunamathela azwakala phakathi kwethuluzi lokufaka isicelo lesisebenzi kanye ne-substrate yodonga, okungukuthi, ukumelana ne-shear kodaka. I-adhesiveness iphakeme, ukumelana kwe-shear kodaka kukhulu, futhi amandla adingwa ngabasebenzi ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa nawo makhulu, futhi ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka kumpofu. I-Methyl cellulose adhesion isezingeni elilinganiselwe emikhiqizweni ye-cellulose ether.
3. I-Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
Yenziwe ngokotini ocolisisiwe ophathwe nge-alkali, futhi isabela nge-ethylene oxide njenge-etherification ejenti lapho kukhona i-acetone. Izinga lokushintsha ngokuvamile liyi-1.5 ~ 2.0. Ine-hydrophilicity eqinile futhi kulula ukumunca umswakama.
(1) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, kodwa kunzima ukuyincibilika emanzini ashisayo. Isixazululo saso sizinzile ekushiseni okuphezulu ngaphandle kwe-gelling. Ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu odakeni, kodwa ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kuphansi kunaleyo ye-methyl cellulose.
(2) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose izinzile ku-asidi evamile kanye ne-alkali. I-alkali ingasheshisa ukuqedwa kwayo futhi ikhulise kancane i-viscosity yayo. Ukuhlakazeka kwayo emanzini kubi kakhulu kunaleyo ye-methyl cellulose ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. .
(3) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose inokusebenza okuhle kwe-anti-sag kudaka, kodwa inesikhathi eside sokuhlehlisa usimende.
(4) Ukusebenza kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose ekhiqizwa amanye amabhizinisi asekhaya ngokusobala kuphansi kunaleyo ye-methyl cellulose ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwamanzi kanye nomlotha omningi.
Isitashi ether
Ama-ether esitashi asetshenziswa odakeni aguqulwa asuka kuma-polymer emvelo amanye ama-polysaccharides. Okufana namazambane, ummbila, umdumbula, ubhontshisi nokunye.
1. Isitashi esishintshiwe
I-ether yesitashi elungiswe kusukela kumazambane, ummbila, umdumbula, njll. inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuphansi kakhulu kune-cellulose ether. Ngenxa yezinga elihlukile lokuguqulwa, ukuzinza kwe-asidi ne-alkali kuhlukile. Eminye imikhiqizo ilungele ukusetshenziswa odakeni olususelwa ku-gypsum, kanti eminye ingasetshenziswa odakeni olusekelwe kusimende. Ukufakwa kwe-starch ether odakeni kusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njenge-thickener ukuze kuthuthukiswe indawo yokulwa nokucwila kodaka, ukunciphisa ukunamathela kodaka olumanzi, nokwandisa isikhathi sokuvula.
Ama-ether esitashi avame ukusetshenziswa kanye ne-cellulose, ukuze izakhiwo nezinzuzo zale mikhiqizo emibili kuphelelisane. Njengoba imikhiqizo yesitashi se-ether ishibhile kakhulu kune-cellulose ether, ukusetshenziswa kwe-starch ether odakeni kuzoletha ukwehla okukhulu kwezindleko zokwakhiwa kodaka.
2. I-Guar gum ether
I-Guar gum ether iwuhlobo lwe-starch ether enezakhiwo ezikhethekile, eshintshwa kusukela kubhontshisi we-guar wemvelo. Ikakhulukazi ngokusabela kwe-etherification ye-guar gum neqembu elisebenzayo le-acrylic, isakhiwo esiqukethe i-2-hydroxypropyl iqembu elisebenzayo liyakhiwa, okuyisakhiwo se-polygalactomannose.
(1) Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-cellulose ether, i-guar gum ether incibilika kakhulu emanzini. Izici ze-pH guar ether empeleni azithinteki.
(2) Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-viscosity ephansi kanye nomthamo ophansi, i-guar gum ingashintsha i-cellulose ether ngenani elilinganayo, futhi inokugcinwa kwamanzi okufanayo. Kodwa ukungaguquguquki, i-anti-sag, i-thixotropy nokunye ngokusobala kuthuthukisiwe.
(3) Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-viscosity ephezulu kanye nomthamo omkhulu, i-guar gum ayikwazi ukufaka esikhundleni se-cellulose ether, futhi ukusetshenziswa okuxubile kwakho kokubili kuzoveza ukusebenza okungcono.
(4) Ukusetshenziswa kwe-guar gum odakeni olusekelwe ku-gypsum kunganciphisa kakhulu ukunamathela ngesikhathi sokwakha futhi kwenze ukwakhiwa kube bushelelezi. Ayinawo umthelela omubi ekubekeni isikhathi namandla e-gypsum mortar.
3. Umuthi oguquliwe wamaminerali ogcina amanzi
I-thickener egcina amanzi eyenziwe ngamaminerali emvelo ngokulungiswa nokuhlanganisa isetshenziswe eShayina. Amaminerali amakhulu asetshenziselwa ukulungisa ama-thickeners okugcina amanzi yilawa: i-sepiolite, i-bentonite, i-montmorillonite, i-kaolin, njll. Lawa mamineral anezindawo ezithile zokugcina amanzi kanye nokujiya ngokuguqulwa njengama-coupling agents. Lolu hlobo lwe-thickener egcina amanzi efakwe odakeni lunezici ezilandelayo.
(1) Ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka olujwayelekile, futhi ixazulule izinkinga zokungasebenzi kahle kodaka lukasimende, amandla aphansi odaka oluxubile, nokungazweli kahle kwamanzi.
(2) Imikhiqizo yodaka enamazinga ahlukene wamandla wezakhiwo ezijwayelekile zezimboni kanye nezomphakathi ingakhiwa.
(3) Izindleko zempahla ziphansi kakhulu kunalezo ze-cellulose ether ne-starch ether.
(4) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kungaphansi kwalokho kwe-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ephilayo, inani lokushwabana elomile lodaka olulungisiwe likhulu, futhi ukuhlangana kuyancipha.
Impushana yerabha ye-polymer ehlakazeka kabusha
I-powder yerabha ehlakazeka kabusha icutshungulwa ngokumiswa kokufuthwa kwe-emulsion ye-polymer ekhethekile. Enqubweni yokucubungula, i-colloid evikelayo, i-anti-caking agent, njll. iba izithasiselo ezibalulekile. Impushana yerabha eyomisiwe iyingxenye yezinhlayiya eziyindilinga ezingama-80~100mm eziqoqwe ndawonye. Lezi zinhlayiya zincibilika emanzini futhi zakha ukuhlakazeka okuzinzile kukhudlwana kunezinhlayiya zokuqala ze-emulsion. Lokhu kuhlakazeka kuzokwakha ifilimu ngemuva kokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokomisa. Le filimu ayinakuhlehliswa njengokwakheka kwefilimu ye-emulsion evamile, futhi ngeke iphinde ihlakazeke lapho ihlangana namanzi. Ukuhlakazeka.
Impuphu yerabha ehlakazeka kabusha ingahlukaniswa ibe: i-styrene-butadiene copolymer, i-tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, i-ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, njll., futhi ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-silicone, i-vinyl laurate, njll. ixhunywe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Izindlela ezihlukene zokuguqula zenza impushana yerabha ehlakazeka kabusha ibe nezindawo ezihlukene ezifana nokumelana namanzi, ukumelana ne-alkali, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokuguquguquka. Iqukethe i-vinyl laurate ne-silicone, engenza i-rubber powder ibe ne-hydrophobicity enhle. I-vinyl highly branched tertiary carbonate enevelu ye-Tg ephansi kanye nokuguquguquka okuhle.
Uma lezi zinhlobo zezimpushana zenjoloba zisetshenziswa odakeni, zonke ziba nomthelela wokulibazisa ngesikhathi sokumisa usimende, kodwa umphumela wokulibazisa uncane kunowokusetshenziswa okuqondile kwama-emulsion afanayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-styrene-butadiene inomphumela omkhulu wokubuyisela emuva, futhi i-ethylene-vinyl acetate inomphumela omncane wokubuyisela emuva. Uma isilinganiso sincane kakhulu, umphumela wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka awubonakali.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-03-2023