Ukhonkolo: Izakhiwo, Izilinganiso Zokungezelelwa Nokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi

UConcrete uyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi yokwakha eyaziwa ngamandla awo, ukuqina kanye nokuguquguquka kwezindlela eziguqulwayo. Nazi izakhiwo ezibalulekile zikakhonkolo, izengezo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa lezi zindawo, izilinganiso ezingezelelwayo ezinconyiwe, kanye nezindlela zokulawula ikhwalithi:

Izakhiwo zikakhonkolo:

1. Amandla acindezelayo: Amandla kakhonkolo ukuze amelane nemithwalo ye-axial, elinganiswe ngamaphawundi nge-inch (PSI) noma i-megapascas (MPA).
2. Amandla we-Tensile: Amandla kakhonkolo ukumelana nemikhosi yokungezwani, okuvame ukwehlisa amandla amakhulu kunawo.
3. Ukuqina: Ukumelana kukakhonkolo ekuhlaseleni kwesimo sezulu, ukuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali, i-abrasion kanye nezinye izindlela zokuwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
4. Ukusebenza: Ukulula okusetshenziswe kukho ngokhonkolo, kubekwe, kuhlanganiswe, futhi kuqediwe ukufeza ukwakheka okufiselekayo nokuqeda.
5. Ubuningi: I-mass ngevolumu ngayinye ekhonkolo, ethonya izisindo zayo kanye nezakhiwo.
6. I-Shrinkage and Creep: Izinguquko kuvolumu kanye ne-deformation ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nemithwalo eqhubekayo.
7. Imvume: Amandla kakhonkolo wokumelana nokudlula kwamanzi, amagesi, nezinye izinto ngama-pores awo kanye nama-capillaries awo.

Izithasiselo ezijwayelekile nemisebenzi yazo:

1. Ama-ejenti anciphise amanzi (ama-superplastimizer): Thuthukisa ukusebenza futhi anciphise okuqukethwe kwamanzi ngaphandle kokudela amandla.
2. Ama-ejenti wokufaka umoya
3. Ama-Retarders: Ukubambezeleka kokusetha isikhathi ukuvumela izinto zokuhamba ezinde, ukubekwa, nokuqeda izikhathi.
4. Ama-accelerator: Shesha ukusetha isikhathi, okuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezimweni zezulu ezibandayo.
5. Ama-PozzoLans (isib. I-Ash Ash, u-Silica Fuumu): Thuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, kanye nokunciphisa ukuvumela ngokuphendula nge-calcium hydroxide ukwakha amakhompiyutha angeziwe awo.
6. Imicu (isib., Insimbi, zokwenziwa, zokwenziwa): ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kokuqhekeka, ukumelana nomthelela, namandla ashubile.
7. I-Corovion inhibitors: Vikela imigoqo yokuqinisa ngokumelene nokugqwala okubangelwa i-chloride ion noma i-carbonation.

Izilinganiso ezinconyiwe ezinconyiwe:

• Izilinganiso ezithile zezengezo zincike ezintweni ezinjengezindawo ezifiselekayo zokhonkolo, izimo zemvelo kanye nezidingo zephrojekthi.
• Izilinganiso zivame ukuvezwa njengephesenti lesisindo sesimende noma isisindo esiphelele sokuxubana kokhonkolo.
• Imithamo kufanele inqunywe ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwelebhu, ukuxutshwa kwesivivinyo, kanye nenqubo yokusebenza.

Izindlela zokulawula ezisezingeni:

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Zokwenziwa
2. Ukuvuna nokuxuba: Sebenzisa ukukala okunembile okunesisindo kanye nemishini yokulinganisa ezintweni ze-batch, bese ulandela izinqubo zokuxuba okufanele ukuze uzuze ukufana kanye nokuvumelana.
3. Ukusebenza kanye nokuhlolwa okuguquguqukayo: Yenza izivivinyo ze-slump, ukuhlolwa kokugeleza, noma izivivinyo zembobo ukuze uhlole ukusebenziseka bese ulungisa ubukhulu bokuxubana njengoba kudingeka.
4. Ukwelapha: Sebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zesela (isib. Ukwelashwa ngomatheni, amakhompiyutha okulapha, ama-mempulani okulapha) ukuvikela ukoma ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokukhuthaza i-hydration.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla: Gada Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhonkrithi ngezindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlola (isib. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okucindezelayo) Eminyakeni ehlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezidingo zokwakhiwa.
6. Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi / Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi (Qa / QC): Sungula izinhlelo ezinhle ze-QA / QC ezibandakanya ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, imibhalo, kanye nezenzo zokulungisa ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana nokuhlelela.

Ngokuqonda izakhiwo zikakhonkolo, zikhetha izithasiselo ezifanele, nokusebenzisa izilinganiso zesengezo, kanye nokwenza izinto zokulawula ezisezingeni eliphakeme, abakhi bakwazi ukukhiqiza ukhonkolo osezingeni eliphakeme ohlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza futhi uthuthukise ukuqina kanye nempilo ende yezakhiwo.