Udaka lwempushana eyomile udaka lwepolymer olomile oluxubile noma udaka olomile olwakhiwe ngaphambilini. Iwuhlobo lukasimende negypsum njengesisekelo esiyinhloko. Ngokwezidingo ezihlukene zokusebenza kwesakhiwo, izilinganiso zokwakha impuphu eyomile nezithasiselo zengezwa ngengxenye ethile. Kuyimpahla yokwakha yodaka engaxutshwa ngokulinganayo, ithuthelwe endaweni yokwakha ngezikhwama noma ngobuningi, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ngemva kokwengeza amanzi.
Imikhiqizo evamile yodaka lwempushana eyomile ihlanganisa okunamathelayo kwethayela lempushana eyomile, ukunamathela odongeni okuyimpushana eyomile, udaka olomile oludongeni lwempushana, ukhonkolo oyimpuphu owomile, njll.
Udaka lwempushana eyomile ngokuvamile lunezingxenye ezintathu: i-binder, i-aggregate, kanye nezithasiselo zodaka.
Ukwakheka kwempahla eluhlaza yodaka lwempushana eyomile:
1. Izinto zokubopha udaka
(1) Ingcina ye-Inorganic:
Izinamatheliso ezingaphili zihlanganisa usimende ojwayelekile wasePortland, usimende we-alumina ophakeme, usimende okhethekile, igypsum, i-anhydrite, njll.
(2) Izinto ezinamathelayo eziphilayo:
Ingcina ye-organic ibhekisela kumpushana we-latex ehlakazeka kabusha, okuyi-polymer eyimpuphu eyakhiwe ngokumiswa okufanelekile kwesifutho (kanye nokukhethwa kwezithasiselo ezifanele) ze-polymer emulsion. I-polymer powder eyomile namanzi iba yi-emulsion. Ingaphinda iphelelwe amanzi, ukuze izinhlayiya ze-polymer zenze isakhiwo somzimba we-polymer odakeni lukasimende, olufana nenqubo ye-emulsion ye-polymer, futhi idlala indima ekuguquleni udaka lukasimende.
Ngokwezilinganiso ezihlukene, ukuguqulwa kodaka olomile lwempushana enempushana ye-polymer ekhishwa kabusha kungathuthukisa amandla okubopha ngama-substrates ahlukahlukene, futhi kuthuthukise ukuguquguquka, ukukhubazeka, amandla okugoba nokumelana nokugqoka kodaka, ukuqina, ukubumbana nokuminyana kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. umthamo kanye nokwakhiwa.
Impushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha yodaka lwengxube eyomile ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: ① i-styrene-butadiene copolymer; ② i-styrene-acrylic acid copolymer; ③ i-vinyl acetate copolymer; ④ i-polyacrylate homopolymer; ⑤ I-Styrene Acetate Copolymer; ⑥ I-Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer.
2. Ukuhlanganisa:
I-aggregate ihlukaniswe yaba i-coarse aggregate kanye ne-aggregate emihle. Enye yezinto main constituent materials of ukhonkolo. Isebenza ngokuyinhloko njengohlaka lwamathambo futhi inciphisa ukuguqulwa kwevolumu okubangelwa ukuncipha nokuvuvukala kwezinto zikasimende ngesikhathi sokusetha kanye nenqubo yokuqina, futhi isetshenziswa njengesigcwalisi esishibhile sezinto zikasimende. Kukhona ama-aggregate emvelo kanye nama-aggregate okwenziwa, okuqala njengamatshe, amatshe amatshe, i-pumice, isihlabathi semvelo, njll.; okokugcina okufana ne-cinder, i-slag, i-ceramsite, i-perlite enwetshiwe, njll.
3. Izithako zodaka
(1) I-cellulose ether:
Ngodaka olomile, inani elingeziwe le-cellulose ether liphansi kakhulu (ngokuvamile li-0.02% -0.7%), kodwa lingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka olumanzi, futhi liyisithasiselo esiyinhloko esithinta ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka.
Ku-powder mortar omile, ngenxa yokuthi i-ionic cellulose ayizinzile lapho kukhona i-calcium ions, ayivamile ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yempushana eyomile esebenzisa usimende, i-lime e-slaked, njll njengezinto zokuhlanganisa. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose iphinde isetshenziswe kweminye imikhiqizo yempushana eyomile, kodwa isabelo sincane kakhulu.
Ama-cellulose ethers asetshenziswa odakeni lwempuphu eyomile ikakhulukazi i-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC), ebizwa ngokuthi i-MC.
Izici ze-MC: Ukunamathela nokwakhiwa yizici ezimbili ezithonya omunye nomunye; ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukugwema ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ngokushesha, ukuze ubukhulu bongqimba lodaka bungancishiswa kakhulu.
(2) i-anti-crack fiber
Akukona ukusungulwa kwabantu besimanje ukuxuba imicu edakeni njengezinto zokuqinisa ezilwa nokuqhekeka. Ezikhathini zasendulo, okhokho bethu babesebenzisa imicu yemvelo njengezinto zokuqinisa ezinye izibophezelo ze-inorganic, njengokuxuba imicu yezitshalo nodaka lomcako ukuze bakhe amaThempeli namahholo, basebenzisa usilika we-hemp nodaka ukuze balolonge izithombe zikaBuddha, basebenzise utshani bakakolweni amalunga amafushane nodaka oluphuzi. ukwakha izindlu, ukusebenzisa izinwele zomuntu nezezilwane ukulungisa iziko, ukusebenzisa imicu ye-pulp, umcako, ne-gypsum ukupenda izindonga nokwenza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-gypsum, njll. linda. Ukwengeza amafayibha ezintweni eziyisisekelo zikasimende ukwenza izinhlanganisela ezisekelwe kusimende eziqiniswe ngefayibha kuyindaba yamashumi eminyaka amuva nje.
Imikhiqizo kasimende, izingxenye noma izakhiwo nakanjani zizokhiqiza ama-microcracks amaningi ngenxa yokushintshwa kwe-microstructure kanye nevolumu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina kasimende, futhi izokhula ngezinguquko ekunciphiseni okomisa, izinguquko zokushisa, nemithwalo yangaphandle. Uma ingaphansi kwamandla angaphandle, imicu idlala indima ekunciphiseni nasekuvimbeleni ukunwetshwa kwemifantu emincane. Imicu i-criss-cross futhi i-isotropic, idla futhi ikhulule ukucindezeleka, ivimbela ukuqhubeka kokuqhekeka, futhi idlala indima ekuvimbeni imifantu.
Ukwengezwa kwamafayibha kungenza udaka oluxutshwe okomile lube nekhwalithi ephezulu, ukusebenza okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukungakwazi ukungena emanzini, ukumelana nokuqhuma, ukumelana nomthelela, ukumelana nokuqhwala, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokuguga neminye imisebenzi.
(3) I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi
Isinciphisi samanzi siyingxube kakhonkolo enganciphisa inani lokuxutshwa kwamanzi kuyilapho igcina ukuwohloka kokhonkolo ngokungaguquki. Iningi labo liyi-anionic surfactants, njenge-lignosulfonate, i-naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polymer, njll. Ngemva kokwengeza ingxube kakhonkolo, ingakwazi ukuhlakaza izinhlayiya zikasimende, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo, inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kweyunithi, ithuthukise i-fluidity yengxube kakhonkolo; noma unciphise ukusetshenziswa kukasimende weyunithi futhi wonge usimende.
Ngokusho kwamandla okunciphisa nokuqinisa amanzi e-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi, ihlukaniswe yaba yi-ejenti evamile yokunciphisa amanzi (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-plasticizer, izinga lokunciphisa amanzi alikho ngaphansi kuka-8%, elimelwe yi-lignosulfonate), i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu. (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-superplasticizer) I-Plasticizer, izinga lokunciphisa amanzi alikho ngaphansi kuka-14%, okuhlanganisa i-naphthalene, i-melamine, i-sulfamate, i-aliphatic, njll.) kanye ne-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kakhulu (izinga lokunciphisa amanzi alikho ngaphansi kuka-25%, i-polycarboxylic acid Imelwe yi-superplasticizer), futhi ihlukaniswe yaba uhlobo lwamandla okuqala, uhlobo olujwayelekile kanye nohlobo oludelelekile.
Ngokusho kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, imvamisa ihlukaniswe yaba: ama-superplasticizers asekelwe ku-lignosulfonate, ama-superplasticizers asekelwe ku-naphthalene, ama-superplasticizer asekelwe ku-melamine, ama-superplasticizer asekelwe ku-sulfamate, kanye nama-superplasticizer asekelwe ku-acid enamafutha. Ama-agent wamanzi, ama-superplasticizer asekelwe ku-polycarboxylate.
Ukufakwa kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi odakeni lwempuphu eyomile kunalezi zici ezilandelayo: ukuzilinganisa kukasimende, ukuzilinganisa kwe-gypsum, udaka lokukhonkoloza, udaka olungangeni manzi, i-putty, njll.
Ukukhethwa kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi kufanele kukhethwe ngokuya ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlukene kanye nezakhiwo ezahlukene zodaka.
(4) I-ether enesitashi
Isitashi i-ether sisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kodaka, okungase kuthinte ukungaguquguquki kodaka olusekelwe ku-gypsum, usimende kanye nomcako, futhi kushintshe ukwakhiwa nokuphikiswa kwe-sag kodaka. Ama-ether esitashi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nama-cellulose ether angaguquliwe futhi ashintshiwe. Ilungele kokubili izinhlelo ezingathathi hlangothi kanye ne-alkaline, futhi ihambisana nezithasiselo eziningi ze-gypsum kanye nemikhiqizo kasimende (njengama-surfactants, i-MC, isitashi ne-polyvinyl acetate namanye ama-polymers ancibilika emanzini).
Izici ze-starch ether ikakhulukazi zilele: ukuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-sag; ukuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa; ukuthuthukisa isivuno sodaka, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa: udaka olwenziwe ngesandla noma olufafazwe ngomshini olusekelwe kusimende negypsum, i-caulk kanye ne-adhesive; i-tile yokunamathisela; amatshe Yakha udaka.
Qaphela: Umthamo ojwayelekile wesitashi ether odakeni ngu-0.01-0.1%.
(5) Ezinye izithasiselo:
I-ejenti yokungenisa umoya yethula inani elikhulu lamabhamuza amancane asatshalaliswa ngokufanayo ngesikhathi sokuxuba udaka, okunciphisa ukushuba kwesimo samanzi okuxuba udaka, ngaleyo ndlela kuholele ekuhlakazekeni okungcono nokunciphisa ukopha nokuhlukaniswa kodaka-ukhonkolo. ingxube. Izithasiselo, ikakhulukazi amafutha e-Sodium sulfonate ne-sodium sulfate, umthamo ngu-0.005-0.02%.
Ama-retarders asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-gypsum mortars kanye nama-joint fillers asekelwe ku-gypsum. Ikakhulukazi usawoti we-asidi yesithelo, ngokuvamile ungezwa ngenani lika-0.05% -0.25%.
Ama-Hydrophobic agents (izinto ezixosha amanzi) avimbela amanzi ukuthi angangeni odakeni, kuyilapho udaka luhlala luvulekile ukuze umhwamuko usakazeke. I-Hydrophobic polymer redispersible powders isetshenziswa kakhulu.
I-Defoamer, ukusiza ukukhulula amabhamuza omoya afakwe futhi akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuxuba nokwakhiwa kodaka, ukuthuthukisa amandla okucindezela, ukuthuthukisa isimo sendawo, umthamo we-0.02-0.5%.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-09-2023