Ukukhiqiza i-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) kuhilela uchungechunge lokusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuze kulungiswe i-cellulose, i-polymer yemvelo etholakala ezitshalweni. I-HEC isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezehlukene, okuhlanganisa ezemithi, izimonyo, ukudla, nezokwakha, ngenxa yokujiya kwayo, ukuzinza, kanye nezindawo ezigcina amanzi.
Isingeniso se-Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
IHydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) iyi-polymer engeyona i-ionic, encibilika emanzini etholakala ku-cellulose ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali. Isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-ejenti yokuqina, i-gelling, kanye ne-stabilizing ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Ama-Raw material
I-Cellulose: Impahla yokuqala yokukhiqiza ye-HEC. I-Cellulose ingatholakala ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ezisekelwe ezitshalweni ezifana ne-pulp yezinkuni, ukotini, noma izinsalela zezolimo.
I-Ethylene Oxide (EO): Ikhemikhali eyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukwethula amaqembu e-hydroxyethyl kumgogodla we-cellulose.
I-alkali: Ngokuvamile i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) noma i-potassium hydroxide (KOH) isetshenziswa njenge-catalyst ekuphenduleni.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-HEC kuhilela i-etherification ye-cellulose nge-ethylene oxide ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zichaza inqubo:
1. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kweCellulose
I-Cellulose ihlanzwa kuqala ukuze isuse ukungcola okufana ne-lignin, i-hemicellulose, nezinye izinto ezikhishwayo. I-cellulose ehlanjululwe bese yomiswa kumswakama othize.
2. Ukusabela kwe-Etherification
Ukulungiswa Kwesixazululo Se-Alkaline: Isixazululo esinamanzi se-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) noma i-potassium hydroxide (KOH) siyalungiswa. Ukugxila kwesisombululo se-alkali kubalulekile futhi kudinga ukuthuthukiswa ngokusekelwe kuzinga elifiswayo lokushintsha (DS) lomkhiqizo wokugcina.
Ukusethwa kokusabela: I-cellulose ehlanzekile ihlakazwa kusixazululo se-alkali. Ingxube ishiselwa ezingeni lokushisa elithile, ngokuvamile eliba ngu-50-70°C, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-cellulose ivuvukele ngokuphelele futhi ifinyeleleka ekuphenduleni.
Ukwengezwa kwe-Ethylene Oxide (EO): I-Ethylene oxide (EO) yengezwa kancane emkhunjini wokusabela ngenkathi igcina izinga lokushisa futhi inyakaza ngokuqhubekayo. Ukusabela ku-exothermic, ngakho ukulawula izinga lokushisa kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile.
Ukuqapha Ukusabela: Inqubekelaphambili yokusabela igadwa ngokuhlaziya amasampula ngezikhathi ezithile. Amasu afana ne-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) angasetshenziswa ukunquma izinga lokushintsha (DS) kwamaqembu e-hydroxyethyl kumgogodla we-cellulose.
Ukungathathi hlangothi kanye Nokugeza: Uma i-DS oyifunayo isifinyelelwe, ukusabela kupheliswa ngokushintsha isixazululo se-alkaline nge-asidi, ngokuvamile i-acetic acid. I-HEC ewumphumela ibe-ke igezwa kahle ngamanzi ukuze kukhishwe noma yiziphi izixube ezingaphenduliwe kanye nokungcola.
3. Ukuhlanzwa kanye Nokomisa
I-HEC egeziwe iphinde ihlanzwe ngokuhlunga noma nge-centrifugation ukuze kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukungcola okusele. I-HEC ehlanziwe ibe seyomiswa kumswakama othize ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo wokugcina.
Ikhwalithi yokulawula
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-HEC ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo wokugcina. Amapharamitha angukhiye okufanele aqashwe afaka:
I-Degree of substitution (DS)
I-Viscosity
Okuqukethwe umswakama
pH
Ukuhlanzeka (ukungabi bikho kokungcola)
Amasu okuhlaziya afana ne-FTIR, izilinganiso ze-viscosity, nokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo avame ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula ikhwalithi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
I-HEC ithola izicelo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziguquguqukayo:
Ezemithi: Isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ejiyayo ekumisweni komlomo, ekwakhiweni kwezihloko, kanye nezinhlelo zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa ezikhishwa okulawulwayo.
Izimonyo: Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa kokhilimu, izinto zokuthambisa, namashampoo njengesithako nesiqinisayo.
Ukudla: Kwengezwe emikhiqizweni yokudla njenge-ejenti ejiyayo ne-gelling, i-emulsifier, kanye ne-stabilizer.
Ukwakhiwa: Kusetshenziswa kumasimende asekelwe kusimende kanye nama-grouts ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha
Umthelela Wezemvelo: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-HEC kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali afana ne-ethylene oxide nama-alkali, angaba nomthelela wemvelo. Ukuphathwa kwemfucuza ngendlela efanele kanye nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela endaweni.
Ukuphepha: I-Ethylene oxide iyigesi esebenza kakhulu futhi evuthayo, ebeka izingozi zokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuphatha nokugcinwa. Ukungena komoya owanele, okokuvikela umuntu siqu (i-PPE), kanye nezimiso zokuphepha kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi.
IHydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) iyi-polymer ebalulekile esebenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezimbonini ezisukela kwezokwelapha kuye kwezokwakha. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuhilela ukufakwa kwe-cellulose nge-ethylene oxide ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkali. Izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukucatshangelwa kwendawo ezungezile nokuphepha kufanele kubhekwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngokulandela izinqubo nezinqubo ezifanele, i-HEC ingakhiqizwa ngendlela ephumelelayo kuyilapho inciphisa umthelela wendawo futhi iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi.
Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uhlanganisa inqubo yokukhiqiza i-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ngokuningiliziwe, kusukela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ukuya ekulawuleni ikhwalithi kanye nokusetshenziswa, okuhlinzeka ukuqonda okuphelele kwale nqubo yokukhiqiza ye-polymer ebalulekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-10-2024