Ukwakheka kwe-cellulose izitha

Izinhlaka ezijwayelekile zababiliI-Cellulose Afersbanikezwa kwizibalo 1.1 no-1,2. Igilebhisi ngalinye le-β-d-linhydrate e-molecule ye-cellulose

Iyunithi leshukela (iyunithi ephindaphindwayo ye-cellulose) ifakwa esikhundleni seqembu elilodwa le-ether ngalinye ku-C (2), c (3) nezikhundla, okungu-6), okufika kwabathathu

iqembu le-ether. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaqembu e-hydroxyl, ama-cellulose macromolecule anezibopho ze-introgen ze-intramolecular kanye ne-intermolecular hydrogen, okunzima ukuncibilika emanzini.

Futhi kunzima ukuncibilikisa cishe kuwo wonke ama-solvents arganic. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuthethelwa kwe-cellulose, amaqembu e-ether angeniswa ku-chain molecular,

Ngale ndlela, izibopho ze-hydrogen ngaphakathi naphakathi kwamangqamuzana e-cellulose ziyachithwa, futhi i-hydrophility yayo iyathuthukiswa, ukuze i-solubeni yayo icutshungulwe.

ngcono kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, i-1.1 yisakhiwo esijwayelekile sama-anhydroglucose amayunithi ama-cellulose ether molecular chain, R1-R6 = h

noma ukufaka esikhundleni kwe-organic. I-1.2 iyisiqephu se-carboxymetyl hydroxyethyl cellulose chain, isilinganiso sokufakwa esikhundleni se-carboxymethyl ngu-0.5,4

Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwe-hydroxyethyl kungu-2.0, kanye ne-molar efakwa esikhundleni se-3.0.

Ngokubambisana ngakunye kwe-cellulose, inani eliphelele lokuthezeka kwalo lingavezwa njengezinga lokufakwa esikhundleni (DS). eyenziwe ngemicu

Kungabonakala kusuka ekwakhiweni kwe-molecule eyinhloko yokuthi izinga lokufaka amabanga ukusuka ku-0-3. Okungukuthi, indandatho ngayinye ye-anhydroglucose ye-cellulose

, Inani eliphakathi lamaqembu ama-hydroxyl afakwe esikhundleni ngamaqembu aphelelisayo e-ejenti etherishini. Ngenxa yeqembu le-hydroxyalkyl ye-cellulose, esikhundleni sayo

Ukuthezwa kufanele kuqaliswe kabusha kusuka ku-Hydroxyl Group entsha yamahhala. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokufaka esikhundleni salolu hlobo lwe-cellulose ether lingavezwa kuma-moles.

degree of substitution (MS). I-degree ebizwa ngokuthi yi-molar yokufakwa esikhundleni ikhombisa inani le-ejenti ethembisayo elingezwe kwiyunithi ngayinye ye-anhydroglucose ye-cellulose

Isisindo esijwayelekile sabaphendulayo.

1 Ukwakheka okujwayelekile kweyunithi le-glucose

Izingcezu ezi-2 zeCellulose Ether Amaketanga ama-Molecal

1.2.2 Ukuhlukaniswa kwezithambisi ze-cellulose

Ukuthi ama-cellulose afers angabodwa izitha noma izibopho ezixubekile, izakhiwo zawo zihlukile. Ama-cellulose macromelecule

Uma iqembu le-hydroxyl lendandatho yeyunithi lifakwa esikhundleni seqembu le-hydrophilic, umkhiqizo ungaba nezinga eliphansi lokufakwa esikhundleni salo ngaphansi kwesimo esiphansi sokufaka esikhundleni.

Ine-solubility ethile yamanzi; Uma kufakwe esikhundleni yiqembu le-hydrophobic, umkhiqizo unezinga elithile lokufaka esikhundleni kuphela lapho izinga lokufaka esikhundleni se-stepliation lilinganiselwe.

Imikhiqizo yokuqothula amanzi, imikhiqizo efakwe esikhundleni se-cellulose efakwe esikhundleni samanzi kuphela ukuvuvukala emanzini, noma chaza ngezixazululo ezigxile kakhulu ze-alkali

Middle.

Ngokusho kwezinhlobo zabangethwe esikhundleni, izimpikiswano ze-cellulose zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu: amaqembu e-Alkyl, anjenge-methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose;

IHydroxyalkyls, efana ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxypropylllose; abanye, njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose, njll. Uma i-Ionization

Ukuhlukaniswa, izipho lezitha ze-cellulose zingahlukaniswa: ionic, njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose; okungeyona-ionic, efana ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose; -xubile

Thayipha, njenge-hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose. Ngokwehlukaniswa kwe-soubity, iselulameyi ingahlukaniswa: ukungena kwamanzi, njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose,

Hydroxyethyl cellulose; I-Water-infoluble, efana ne-methyl cellulose, njll.

1.2.3 Izakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Cellulose Afers

I-Celsulose Ether uhlobo lomkhiqizo ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwethebula le-cellulose, kanye ne-cellulose ether enezinto eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu. thanda

Inezakhiwo ezinhle ezenziwe ngefilimu; Njengomaneli wokuphrinta, ine-soubelity yamanzi enhle, izakhiwo eziqina, ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokuqina;

5

I-ether ethambile ayinamakha, ingekho ubuthi, futhi ine-biocomtic enhle. Phakathi kwazo, i-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ine- "Industrial MonoSodium Glutamate"

isidlaliso.

1.2.3.1 Ukudalwa Kwefilimu

Izinga lokuthethelwa kwe-ethervisose ether linethonya elikhulu kwizakhiwo zalo ezakha amafilimu ezinjengamandla akha amafilimu namandla okuqinisa. I-Cellulose Ether

Ngenxa yamandla ayo amahle emishini kanye nokuhambisana okuhle nama-resins ahlukahlukene, angasetshenziswa kumafilimu epulasitiki, anamathela noma kwezinye izinto.

Ukulungiselela ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo.

1.2.3.2 I-Solubity

Ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaqembu amaningi e-hydroxyl endabeni ye-glucose equkethe i-glucose equkethe i-oxygen, izithambiso ze-cellulose zinamanzi angcono e-solubity. na-

Ngokuya nge-cellulose ether etholwa esikhundleni kanye nesilinganiso sokufakwa esikhundleni, kukhona nokukhetha okuhlukile kwama-organic solvents.

1.2.3.3 ukuqina

I-Cellulose Ether iyachithwa kusisombululo samanzi ngendlela ye-colloid, lapho izinga le-polymerization of cellulose ether linquma i-cellulose

I-Viscosity yekhambi le-ether. Ngokungafani noketshezi lweNewtonian, i-viscosity ye-cellulose etr solutions ishintsha ngamandla we-shear, futhi

Ngenxa yalokwakheka kwama-macromolekyuli, i-viscoosity yekhambi izokhuphuka ngokushesha ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe okuqinile kwe-cellulose ether, noma kunjalo ukubonwa kwesixazululo

I-Viscosity futhi inciphisa ngokushesha ngokushisa okukhulayo [33].

1.2.3.4 Ukulimazeka

Isixazululo se-cellulose ether sincibilike emanzini isikhathi esizokhula amagciwane, ngaleyo ndlela sikhiqize amagciwane enzyme futhi sibhubhise isigaba se-ether ye-cellulose.

Ama-glucose unit bond ama-glucose unit bond, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise isisindo se-macromolecule. Ngakho-ke, i-cellulose afers

Ukulondolozwa kwezixazululo zamanzi kudinga ukungezwa kwenani elithile lezilondolozi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithambiso ze-cellulose zinezinye izakhiwo eziningi ezihlukile njengokusebenza komhlaba, umsebenzi we-ionic, ukuqina kwe-foam kanye nezengezo

isenzo sejeli. Ngenxa yalezi zindawo, izithambiso ze-cellulose zisetshenziswa ezimbonisweni, emaphaketheni, izimonyo zokwenziwa, izimonyo, ukudla, umuthi,

Kusetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi.

1.3 Isingeniso sokutshala izinto ezingavuthiwe

Kusuka ekubukeni kwe-Overview 1.2 I-Ether ye-1.2 Cellulose, kungabonakala ukuthi izinto ezivuthiwe zokulungiselela i-cellulose ether zikotini, nokunye okuqukethwe kulesi sihloko

Kuwukusebenzisa i-cellulose ekhishwe kusuka ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo zezitshalo ukufaka esikhundleni sekotini yekotoni ukulungiselela i-cellulose ether. Okulandelayo ukwethulwa okufushane kwesitshalo

impahla.

Njengoba izinsiza ezijwayelekile ezinjengamafutha, amalahle kanye negesi yemvelo ziyancipha, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kususelwa kubo, njengezicucu zokwenziwa kanye namafilimu we-fiber, kuzobe kuvinjelwe ngokwengeziwe. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komphakathi namazwe emhlabeni jikelele (ikakhulukazi

Kuyizwe elithuthukisiwe) obheka kakhulu inkinga yokungcoliswa kwemvelo. I-cellulose yemvelo ine-biodegradeability kanye nokuxhumana kwemvelo.

Kuzoba ngumthombo oyinhloko wezinto zokwakha fiber.