Udaka oluxubene olumanzi lubhekisela ezintweni zikasimende, isamba esihle, ingxube, amanzi nezinye izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezinqunywa ngokuvumelana nokusebenza. Ngokwesilinganiso esithile, ngemva kokulinganiswa nokuxuba esiteshini sokuxuba, sithuthelwa endaweni yokusetshenziswa iloli yokuxuba. Gcina ingxube yodaka esitsheni esikhethekile futhi uyisebenzise phakathi nesikhathi esibekiwe. Umgomo wokusebenza wodaka oluxutshwe okumanzi ufana nokhonkolo wezentengiselwano, futhi isiteshi sokuxuba ukhonkolo sezentengiselwano singakhiqiza kanyekanye udaka oluxutshwe okumanzi.
1. Izinzuzo zodaka oluxubene olumanzi
1) Udaka oluxubene olumanzi lungasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ngemva kokuhanjiswa endaweni ngaphandle kokucubungula, kodwa udaka kufanele lugcinwe esitsheni esingangenisi umoya;
2) Udaka oluxubene olumanzi lulungiswa embonini yobungcweti, evumelana nokuqinisekisa nokulawula ikhwalithi yodaka;
3) Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zodaka oluxubene olumanzi kukhulu. I-aggregate ingaba yomile noma ibe manzi, futhi ayidingi ukomiswa, ngakho-ke izindleko zingancishiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lesihlabathi somshini wokufakelwa okhiqizwa yi-slag yemfucuza yezimboni ezifana nomlotha wempukane kanye nemfucumfucu eqinile yezimboni ezifana ne-steel slag kanye nemisila yezimboni ingaxutshwa, engagcini nje ngokusindisa izinsiza, kodwa futhi inciphisa izindleko zodaka.
4) Indawo yokwakha inendawo ekahle kanye nokungcola okuncane.
2. Ukungalungi kodaka oluxubene olumanzi
1) Njengoba udaka oluxutshwe okumanzi luxubene namanzi endaweni yokukhiqiza yobungcweti, futhi umthamo wezokuthutha mkhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, awukwazi ukulawulwa ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngokuya ngenqubekelaphambili yokwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa. Ukwengeza, udaka oluxubene olumanzi ludinga ukugcinwa esitsheni esingangeni moya ngemva kokuhanjiswa endaweni yokwakha, ngakho-ke isiziba somlotha sidinga ukumiswa endaweni;
2) Isikhathi sokuthutha sinqunyelwe izimo zethrafikhi;
I-3) Njengoba udaka oluxubekile olumanzi lugcinwa endaweni yokwakha isikhathi eside, kunezidingo ezithile zokusebenza, ukubeka isikhathi nokuzinza kokusebenza kokusebenza kodaka.
IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti egcina amanzi kanye ne-retarder yodaka lukasimende ukwenza udaka lumpompe. Isetshenziswa njengesibophezelo ekukhoneni kukakhonkolo, ithuthukisa ukusabalala futhi yandise isikhathi sokusebenza. Ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kuvimbela udaka ekuqhekekeni ngenxa yokoma ngokushesha ngemva kokufakwa, futhi kuthuthukisa amandla ngemva kokuqina. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi wukusebenza okubalulekile kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, futhi kuwukusebenza abakhiqizi abaningi basekhaya bemiksi ye-wet-mortar abakunaka. Izinto ezithinta umphumela wokugcina amanzi wodaka oluxutshwe okumanzi zifaka inani le-HPMC elingeziwe, i-viscosity ye-HPMC, ukucoleka kwezinhlayiya, kanye nezinga lokushisa lendawo yokusetshenziswa.
Ngemva kokuba udaka oluxubene olumanzi luthuthelwe endaweni, kufanele lugcinwe esitsheni esingangenisi umoya. Uma ukhetha isitsha sensimbi, umphumela wokugcina ungcono kakhulu, kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kuphezulu kakhulu, okungahambisani nokuthandwa nokusetshenziswa; ungasebenzisa izitini noma amabhulokhi ukuze wakhe ichibi lomlotha, bese usebenzisa udaka olungangeni manzi (izinga lokumunca amanzi elingaphansi kuka-5%) ukuze unamathisele indawo engaphezulu, futhi utshalomali luphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukukhonkoloka kodaka olungangeni amanzi kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi izinga lokwakhiwa kwe-plastering yengqimba engangeni manzi kufanele kuqinisekiswe. Kungcono ukwengeza i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC odakeni ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqhekeka kodaka. Iphansi lechibi lomlotha kufanele libe nendawo ethile yokuthambekela ukuze kuhlanzwe kalula. Ichibi lomlotha kufanele libe nophahla olunendawo eyanele yokuvikela emvuleni naselanga. Udaka lugcinwa echibini lomlotha, futhi ubuso bedamu lomlotha kufanele bumbozwe ngokuphelele ngendwangu yepulasitiki ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi udaka lusesimweni esivaliwe.
Iqhaza elibalulekile le-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC odakeni lwengxube emanzi ikakhulukazi inezici ezintathu, eyodwa iwumthamo omuhle kakhulu wokugcinwa kwamanzi, enye ithonya lokungaguquguquki kanye ne-thixotropy ye-wet-mix mortar, kanti okwesithathu ukusebenzisana nosimende. Umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-cellulose ether uncike ekumunceni kwamanzi kwesendlalelo sesisekelo, ukwakheka kodaka, ukujiya kongqimba lodaka, isidingo samanzi sodaka, kanye nesikhathi sokusetha sendawo yokusetha. Uma kuphezulu ukucaca kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, kuba ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Izinto ezithinta ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka lwengxube emanzi zihlanganisa i-cellulose ether viscosity, inani elingeziwe, ubuncane bezinhlayiyana nezinga lokushisa lokusebenzisa. Uma kukhulu i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether, kuba ngcono ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi. I-Viscosity iyipharamitha ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-HPMC. Ngomkhiqizo ofanayo, imiphumela ye-viscosity elinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene ihluke kakhulu, futhi eminye inomehluko ophindwe kabili. Ngakho-ke, lapho uqhathanisa i-viscosity, kufanele yenziwe phakathi kwezindlela ezifanayo zokuhlola, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, i-rotor, njll.
Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, kuba ngcono umphumela wokugcina amanzi. Kodwa-ke, ukuphakama kwe-viscosity kanye nesisindo samangqamuzana se-HPMC siphezulu, ukwehla okuhambisanayo ekuncibilikeni kwayo kuzoba nomthelela omubi emandleni nasekusebenzeni kokwakhiwa kodaka. Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, kusobala kakhulu umphumela wokuqina odongeni, kodwa awulingani ngokuqondile. Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, i-viscous yodaka olumanzi luyoba ngaphezulu, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, kubonakala njengokunamathela ku-scraper nokunamathela okuphezulu ku-substrate. Kodwa akusizi ukwandisa amandla esakhiwo sodaka olumanzi ngokwalo. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ukusebenza kwe-anti-sag akubonakali. Ngokuphambene, enye i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose eguquliwe ene-viscosity emaphakathi nephansi inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amandla esakhiwo sodaka olumanzi.
Ngodaka oluxutshwe okumanzi, inani elingeziwe le-cellulose ether HPMC liphansi kakhulu, kodwa lingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka oluxutshwe okumanzi, futhi liyisithasiselo esiyinhloko esithinta ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka. Ukukhethwa okunengqondo kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kunomthelela omkhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kodaka oluxutshwe okumanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-04-2023