Yiziphi izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe zodaka lwamatshe?

Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa odakeni lwamatshe zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza, ikhwalithi, nokuqina komkhiqizo osuphelile. Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe zodaka lwamatshe ngokuvamile zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Izinto zikaCementitious:
   • Usimende wasePortland: Usimende Ojwayelekile wasePortland (OPC) noma usimende abahlanganisiwe abafana nosimende wasePortland onomlotha wezimpukane noma i-slag ivamise ukusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ebophayo yokuqala odakeni lwamatshe. Usimende kufanele uhambisane nezindinganiso ezifanele ze-ASTM noma ze-EN futhi ube nokucoleka okufanele, isikhathi sokusetha, kanye nezakhiwo zamandla acindezelayo.
   • I-Lime: I-lime e-hydrated noma i-lime putty ingase yengezwe ekwakhiweni kodaka lwe-masonry ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, ipulasitiki, nokuqina. Umcako uthuthukisa isibopho phakathi kwamayunithi odaka namatshe futhi usiza ekwehliseni imiphumela yokushwabana nokuqhekeka.
2. Izilinganiso:
   • Isihlabathi: Isihlabathi esihlanzekile, esibekwe kahle, futhi esilinganiswe ngokufanelekile sibalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe amandla afunekayo, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuvela kodaka lwamatshe. Isihlabathi kufanele singabi nakungcola okuphilayo, ubumba, udaka, nezinhlawulo ezeqisayo. Izihlabathi zemvelo noma ezikhiqiziwe zomhlangano we-ASTM noma we-EN zivame ukusetshenziswa.
   • Ukuhlukaniswa okuhlanganisiwe: Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana zama-aggregate kufanele kulawulwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukupakishwa kwezinhlayiyana ezanele futhi kuncishiswe izikhala ku-matrix yodaka. Ama-aggregate ahlelwe kahle anomthelela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe, amandla, nokuqina kodaka lwamatshe.
3. Amanzi:
   • Amanzi ahlanzekile, aphuzwayo angenazo ukungcola, usawoti, kanye ne-alkalinity eyeqile ukuze kuxutshwe udaka lwamatshe. Isilinganiso samanzi nosimende kufanele silawulwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuzuzwe ukuvumelana okufunayo, ukusebenza kahle, namandla odaka. Ukuqukethwe kwamanzi ngokweqile kungaholela ekwehleni kwamandla, ukwanda kokuncipha, nokuqina okungenamandla.
4. Izithasiselo nezixube:
   • Ama-Plasticizers: Izixube zamakhemikhali ezifana namapulasitiki anciphisa amanzi zingase zengezwe ekwakhiweni kodaka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa isidingo samanzi, nokuthuthukisa ukugeleza nokuvumelana kodaka.
   • Ama-ejenti afaka umoya-mpilo: Izingxube ezifaka umoya zivame ukusetshenziswa odakeni lwamatshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuncibilika, ukusebenza kahle, nokuqina ngokufaka amabhamuza omoya amancane ku-matrix yodaka.
   • Ama-retarders nama-accelerator: Izingxube ezihlehliswayo noma ezisheshisayo zingase zifakwe ekwakhiweni kodaka lwe-masonry ukuze kulawuleke isikhathi sokusetha kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokushisa kanye nomswakamo.
5. Ezinye Izinto:
   • Izinto ze-Pozzolanic: Izinto ezingeziwe zikasimende ezifana nomlotha wempukane, i-slag, noma i-silica fume ingase yengezwe odakeni lwamatshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla, ukuqina, nokumelana nokuhlasela kwe-sulfate kanye ne-alkali-silica reaction (ASR).
   • Imicu: Imicu yokwenziwa noma yemvelo ingase ifakwe ekwakhiweni kodaka lokwakha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukumelana nomthelela, namandla aqinile.

izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa odakeni lwamatshe kufanele zihlangabezane namazinga athile ekhwalithi, ukucaciswa, kanye nemibandela yokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle, ukuqina, nokuhambisana namayunithi amatshe kanye nezinqubo zokwakha. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi nokuhlolwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvumelana nokuthembeka ekukhiqizeni udaka lwamatshe.