IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) iyi-polymer eguquguqukayo enezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ezemithi, ezokudla, ezokwakha nezimonyo. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-HPMC yi-cellulose ne-propylene oxide.
1. I-Cellulose: isisekelo se-HPMC
1.1 Uhlolojikelele lwe-cellulose
I-Cellulose iyi-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi eyingxenye eyinhloko yesakhiwo sezindonga zamaseli ezitshalo eziluhlaza. Iqukethe amaketanga aqondile ama-molecule eglucose ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngamabhondi e-β-1,4-glycosidic. Ukuchichima kwamaqembu e-hydroxyl ku-cellulose kuyenza ibe yinto efanelekile yokuqala ukuhlanganiswa kokuphuma kokuphuma kwe-cellulose okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ne-HPMC.
1.2 Ukuthengwa kwe-cellulose
I-Cellulose ingatholakala ezintweni zezitshalo ezahlukene, njenge-pulp yokhuni, ama-linter kakotini, noma ezinye izitshalo ezine-fibrous. I-Wood pulp iwumthombo ovamile ngenxa yobuningi bayo, ukuphumelela kwezindleko, nokusimama. Ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuphula imicu yezitshalo ngochungechunge lwezinqubo zemishini namakhemikhali.
1.3 Ubumsulwa nezici
Izinga nokuhlanzeka kwe-cellulose kubalulekile ekunqumeni izici zomkhiqizo wokugcina we-HPMC. I-high-purity cellulose iqinisekisa ukuthi i-HPMC ikhiqizwa ngezinto ezingaguquki ezifana ne-viscosity, ukuncibilika kanye nokuzinza kokushisa.
2. I-Propylene oxide: ukwethulwa kweqembu le-hydroxypropyl
2.1 Isingeniso se-propylene oxide
I-Propylene oxide (PO) iyinhlanganisela ye-organic enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C3H6O. Kuyi-epoxide, okusho ukuthi iqukethe i-athomu yomoya-mpilo eboshwe kuma-athomu ekhabhoni amabili aseduze. I-Propylene oxide iwukhiye wezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwenziwa kwe-hydroxypropyl cellulose, okuyindawo emaphakathi yokukhiqizwa kwe-HPMC.
2.2 Inqubo ye-Hydroxypropylation
Inqubo ye-hydroxypropylation ihlanganisa ukusabela kwe-cellulose nge-propylene oxide ukwethula amaqembu e-hydroxypropyl kumgogodla we-cellulose. Lokhu kusabela ngokuvamile kwenziwa phambi kwe-catalyst eyisisekelo. Amaqembu e-Hydroxypropyl adlulisela ukunyibilika okuthuthukisiwe nezinye izinto ezifiselekayo ku-cellulose, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-hydroxypropyl cellulose.
3. I-Methylation: Ukwengeza amaqembu e-methyl
3.1 Inqubo ye-methylation
Ngemuva kwe-hydroxypropylation, isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuhlanganiseni kwe-HPMC yi-methylation. Inqubo ibandakanya ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-methyl kumgogodla we-cellulose. I-Methyl chloride iyi-reagent evame ukusetshenziswa kulokhu kusabela. Izinga le-methylation lithinta izakhiwo zomkhiqizo wokugcina we-HPMC, okuhlanganisa i-viscosity yawo nokuziphatha kwejeli.
3.2 Iziqu zokushintsha
I-Degree of substitution (DS) iyipharamitha eyinhloko yokulinganisa inombolo emaphakathi yezinto ezifakwe esikhundleni (i-methyl ne-hydroxypropyl) ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-anhydroglucose kuketango le-cellulose. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ilawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okufiswayo kwemikhiqizo ye-HPMC.
4. Ukuhlanzwa kanye Nokulawula Ikhwalithi
4.1 Ukususwa kwemikhiqizo
Ukwenziwa kwe-HPMC kungase kubangele ekwakhekeni kwemikhiqizo engase ibe ngcono efana nosawoti noma izinto ezivuselelayo ezingaphenduliwe. Izinyathelo zokuhlanza ezihlanganisa ukuwasha nokuhlunga zisetshenziselwa ukususa lokhu kungcola futhi kwandise ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo wokugcina.
4.2 Izinyathelo zokulawula izinga
Izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile zisetshenziswa kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kanye nekhwalithi ye-HPMC. Amasu okuhlaziya afana ne-spectroscopy, i-chromatography kanye ne-rheology asetshenziselwa ukuhlola imingcele efana nesisindo samangqamuzana, izinga lokushintshwa kanye ne-viscosity.
5. Izici ze-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)
5.1 Izakhiwo zomzimba
I-HPMC iyimpushana emhlophe ukuya kokumhlophe, engenaphunga enezici ezinhle kakhulu zokwenza ifilimu. I-hygroscopic futhi yakha kalula ijeli esobala lapho ihlakazekile emanzini. Ukunyibilika kwe-HPMC kuncike ezingeni lokushintsha futhi kuthintwa izici ezifana nezinga lokushisa ne-pH.
5.2 Isakhiwo samakhemikhali
Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-HPMC siqukethe umgogodla we-cellulose one-hydroxypropyl kanye nama-substituents e-methyl. Isilinganiso salezi zingxenye ezifakwe esikhundleni, esiboniswa ngezinga lokushintshwa, sinquma ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuphelele kanjalo nezakhiwo ze-HPMC.
5.3 Izimpawu ze-viscosity kanye ne-rheological
I-HPMC itholakala kumabanga ahlukahlukene anezigaba ezihlukene ze-viscosity. I-viscosity yezixazululo ze-HPMC iyisici esibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okufana nemithi, lapho ithinta khona iphrofayili yokukhululwa komuthi, kanye nokwakhiwa, lapho kuthinta ukusebenza kodaka nokunamathisela.
5.4 Izakhiwo zefilimu kanye nokujiya
I-HPMC isetshenziswa kabanzi njengefilimu eyake yaba yizimbotshana zemithi nanjenge-ejenti ejiyayo ekwenziweni okuhlukahlukene. Amakhono ayo okwenza ifilimu ayenza ibe wusizo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokumboza izidakamizwa ezikhishwayo ezilawulwayo, kuyilapho izici zayo zokujiya zithuthukisa ukuthungwa nokuzinza kwemikhiqizo eminingi.
6. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
6.1 Imboni yezemithi
Embonini yezemithi, i-HPMC isetshenziselwa ukwenza amafomu omthamo oqinile womlomo njengamaphilisi namaphilisi. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-binder, i-disintegrant kanye ne-ejenti yokuhlanganisa ifilimu. Izici zokukhishwa okulawulwayo ze-HPMC zisiza ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekwakhiweni kokukhishwa okuqhubekayo.
6.2 Imboni yezokwakha
Emkhakheni wezokwakha, i-HPMC isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokugcina amanzi, ukuqina nokunamathela emikhiqizweni esekwe usimende. Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka, ivimbele ukuhlehla ezinhlelweni eziqondile, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kukonke kwempahla yokwakha.
6.3 Imboni yokudla
I-HPMC isetshenziswa embonini yokudla njenge-thickener, stabilizer kanye ne-emulsifier. Ikhono layo lokwenza ama-gel ekugxiliseni okuphansi liyenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amasoso, okokugqoka kanye nama-dessert.
6.4 Izimonyo nemikhiqizo yokunakekela umuntu
Ezimonyoni nasezikhiqizweni zokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, i-HPMC itholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezithako ezihlanganisa okhilimu, izinto zokuthambisa kanye nama-shampoos. Isiza ukuthuthukisa ukuthungwa, ukuzinza kanye nokusebenza kwayo yonke le mikhiqizo.
6.5 Ezinye izimboni
Ukuguquguquka kwezinto ezihlukahlukene kwe-HPMC kudlulela nakwezinye izimboni, okuhlanganisa izindwangu, upende nezinamatheliso, lapho kungasetshenziswa khona njengesilungisi se-rheology, i-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokujiya.
7. Isiphetho
IHydroxypropylmethylcellulose iyi-polymer eguquguqukayo enezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza. Ukuhlanganiswa kwayo kusebenzisa i-cellulose ne-propylene oxide njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko, futhi i-cellulose iguqulwa ngezinqubo ze-hydroxypropylation ne-methylation. Ukulawulwa okulawulwayo kwalezi zinto zokusetshenziswa nezimo zokusabela kungakhiqiza i-HPMC enezakhiwo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zemboni. Ngakho-ke, i-HPMC idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo kuzo zonke izimboni. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwezicelo ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza kusiza i-HPMC ukuthi iqhubeke nokudlala indima ebalulekile emakethe yomhlaba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-28-2023