Iyini inqubo ye-pulping ye-cellulose ether?

Inqubo ye-pulping yama-cellulose ethers ibandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokukhipha i-cellulose empahleni eluhlaza bese iguqulwa ibe ama-cellulose ethers. I-Cellulose ethers iyinhlanganisela eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ezemithi, ukudla, izindwangu nezokwakha. Inqubo ye-pulping ibalulekile ukuze uthole i-cellulose yekhwalithi ephezulu, impahla eluhlaza yokukhiqiza ama-cellulose ethers. Okulandelayo yincazelo enemininingwane yenqubo ye-cellulose ether pulping:

1. Ukukhetha impahla eluhlaza:

Inqubo ye-pulping iqala ngokukhethwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe eziqukethe i-cellulose. Imithombo evamile ihlanganisa ukhuni, ukotini, neminye imicu yezitshalo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuncike ezintweni ezifana nokutholakala kwe-cellulose ether, izindleko kanye nezakhiwo ezifiswayo.

2. Indlela yokwenza i-pulp:

Kunezindlela eziningi ze-cellulose pulping, ikakhulukazi ezihlanganisa i-chemical pulping kanye ne-mechanical pulping.

3. I-Chemical pulping:

I-Kraft pulping: Kubandakanya ukwelapha amapulangwe ezinkuni ngengxube ye-sodium hydroxide ne-sodium sulfide. Le nqubo incibilikisa i-lignin, ishiya imicu ye-cellulosic.

I-Sulfite pulping: Ukusebenzisa i-sulfurous acid noma i-bisulfite ukudiliza i-lignin ku-feedstock.

I-Organic solvent pulping: Ukusebenzisa izincibilikisi eziphilayo njenge-ethanol noma i-methanol ukuhlakaza i-lignin nokuhlukanisa imicu ye-cellulose.

4. I-pulping yemishini:

I-Stone-ground wood pulping: Kubandakanya ukugaya ukhuni phakathi kwamatshe ukuze kuhlukaniswe imicu ngomshini.

I-Refiner Mechanical Pulping: Isebenzisa amandla emishini ukuhlukanisa imicu ngokucwenga amapulangwe okhuni.

5. Ukuhlanza:

Ngemuva kokuphonswa, i-cellulose ingena kwinqubo yokuhlanza ukuze isuse ukungcola nombala. I-chlorine, i-chlorine dioxide, i-hydrogen peroxide noma i-oxygen ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwe-bleaching.

5.. Ukuguqulwa kweCellulose:

Ngemva kokuhlanzwa, i-cellulose iyashintshwa ukuze ikhiqize ama-cellulose ethers. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zifaka i-etherification, i-esterification nokunye ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuze kuguqulwe izakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezamakhemikhali zeselulosi.

6. Inqubo ye-Etherification:

I-Alkalization: Ukwelapha i-cellulose nge-alkali (imvamisa i-sodium hydroxide) ukukhiqiza i-alkali cellulose.

Ukwengeza izinto ezenza i-etherifying: I-alkaline cellulose iphendulana nezinto ezenza i-etherifying (njenge-alkyl halides noma i-alkylene oxides) ukwethula amaqembu e-ether esakhiweni se-cellulose.

I-Neutralization: Yenza kube maphakathi ingxube yokusabela ukuze unqande ukusabela futhi uthole umkhiqizo owufunayo we-cellulose ether.

7. Ukugeza nokomisa:

Umkhiqizo we-cellulose ether uyawashwa ukuze kukhishwe imikhiqizo kanye nokungcola. Ngemuva kokuhlanza, izinto zomisiwe zomile ukuze kuzuzwe okuqukethwe komswakama okufunayo.

8. Ukugaya nokuhlunga:

Ama-ether e-cellulose eyomile angagaywa ukuze kutholwe osayizi bezinhlayiyana ezithile. I-Sieving isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya zobukhulu obudingekayo.

8. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi:

Izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ziyasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ama-cellulose ether ahlangabezana namazinga athile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-viscosity, izinga lokushintshwa, okuqukethwe komswakama kanye neminye imingcele efanele.

9. Ukupakishwa nokulethwa:

Umkhiqizo wokugcina we-cellulose ether uyapakishwa futhi usatshalaliswe ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Ukupakishwa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lomkhiqizo liyagcinwa ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokuthuthwa.

Inqubo ye-pulping ye-cellulose ether iwuchungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezinyathelo ezibandakanya ukukhethwa kwempahla eluhlaza, indlela yokudonsa, i-bleaching, ukuguqulwa kwe-cellulose, i-etherification, ukugeza, ukomisa, ukugaya nokulawula ikhwalithi. Isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile ekunqumeni ikhwalithi kanye nezakhiwo ze-cellulose ether ekhiqizwayo, okwenza ifaneleke uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iyaqhubeka nokwenza ngcono kanye nokwandisa lezi zinqubo ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusimama kokukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether.