Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi futhi yiziphi izici zazo?

Ama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi, awaziwa nangokuthi ama-plasticizers noma ama-superplasticizers, ayizithasiselo zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziswa ekuxubeni kukakhonkolo nodaka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwento. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi, ngalinye linezici zalo kanye nezicelo. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile:

1. I-Lignosulfonates: I-Lignosulfonates itholakala ku-pulp yezinkuni futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezixubeni zekhonkrithi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza nokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi kuyilapho kugcinwa amandla anele. Ama-Lignosulfonates ayabiza futhi ayahambisana nezinhlobo eziningi zikasimende.
2. I-Naphthalene Sulfonates: Izinciphisi zamanzi ezisekelwe ku-Naphthalene sulfonate zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekwehliseni okuqukethwe kwamanzi ezixubeni zikakhonkolo kuyilapho kuthuthukisa ukugeleza nokusebenza kahle. Zifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukukhiqiza ukhonkolo wamandla aphezulu ngezilinganiso eziphansi zamanzi kuya kusimende. I-Naphthalene sulfonates ingasiza futhi ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlukaniswa kanye nokopha kukhonkolo.
3. I-Melamine Sulfonates: Izinciphisi zamanzi ezisekelwe ku-melamine zinikeza izindawo zokunciphisa amanzi ezingcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-lignosulfonates nama-naphthalene sulfonates. Bahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, amandla okuqala aphezulu, nokuqina okuthuthukisiwe kwezingxube zikakhonkolo. I-Melamine sulfonates ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokukhonkolo ezisebenza kakhulu ezifana nokhonkolo owenziwe ngaphambili kanye nokuqina.
4. I-Polycarboxylate Ethers (PCEs): Ama-ether e-Polycarboxylate ayisizukulwane esisha sama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi aziwa ngokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu nokusebenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Banganciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwamanzi ezixubeni zekhonkrithi kuyilapho begcina ukugeleza nokusebenza isikhathi eside. Ama-PCE anikeza ukuhambisana okuhle kakhulu nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zikasimende nezixube futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ku-self-consolidating concrete (SCC) kanye nezicelo zekhonkrithi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu (HPC).
5. Inhlanganisela Yenhlanganisela: Amanye ama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi akhiwa njengezixube ezixubile, ezingase zihlanganise inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali ahlukene ukuze kuzuzwe imigomo ethile yokusebenza. Lezi zixube zingase zinikeze imiphumela ye-synergistic, njengokugcinwa okuthuthukisiwe kokuwohloka, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe, noma ukunciphisa ukungena komoya.

Izimpawu zama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi zingabandakanya:

• Ukunciphisa Amanzi: Umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi ukunciphisa inani lamanzi okuxuba adingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuvumelana okufunwayo kwezingxube zekhonkrithi noma udaka. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, nokusebenza kwento ngenkathi kunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlukaniswa nokopha.
• Ukusebenziseka: Ama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi athuthukisa ukusebenza nokugeleza kwezingxube zikakhonkolo, okuvumela ukubekwa okulula nokuhlanganiswa ngaphandle kokudela amandla noma ukuhlangana. Basiza ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwama-aggregate nezinto zikasimende kuyo yonke le ngxube.
• Ukuhambisana: Ama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi kufanele ahambisane nezinye izixube nezithasiselo ezisetshenziswa ezixubeni zikakhonkolo, njengama-ejenti afaka umoya, ama-set retarders, nama-accelerator. Ukuhambisana kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo ezifiselekayo nokusebenza kokhonkolo kufinyelelwa ngaphandle kokusabela okubi noma imiphumela emibi.
• Izinga Lomthamo: Ukusebenza kwama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi kuncike esilinganisweni somthamo, esivame ukuvezwa njengephesenti lokuqukethwe kwe-cementitious kungxube. Amazinga emithamo alungile angahluka kuye ngezinto ezifana nohlobo lukasimende, izici ezihlanganisiwe, izinga lokushisa le-ambient, kanye nezakhiwo zikakhonkolo ezifiselekayo.
• Isikhathi Sokusetha: Amanye ama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi angase abe nomthelela ekumisweni kwesikhathi sezingxube zekhonkrithi, ukusheshisa noma ukuhlehlisa izikhathi zokusetha zokuqala nezokugcina. Isilinganiso esifanele kanye nokukhethwa kwezinciphisi zamanzi kuyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe izici zokubeka ezifiselekayo zezicelo ezithile zokwakha.
• Izindleko Nokusebenza: Ukucatshangelwa okunjengokonga kwezindleko, izidingo zokusebenza, kanye nokucaciswa kwephrojekthi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni i-ejenti efanelekile yokunciphisa amanzi yohlelo oluthile. Kubalulekile ukuhlola izinzuzo nemikhawulo yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinciphisi zamanzi ukuze kutholwe inketho efaneleke kakhulu yezidingo zephrojekthi.

ama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi adlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza nokuqina kwezingxube zikakhonkolo nodaka, okuvumela izinqubo zokwakha eziphumelelayo kanye nekhwalithi ethuthukisiwe yezakhiwo eziqediwe.