Iyiphi ingxenye kakotini ekhiqiza i-cellulose emsulwa?

Isingeniso sikakotini kanye neCellulose

Ukotini, i-fiber yemvelo etholakala esitshalweni sikakotini, ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe nge-cellulose. I-cellulose, i-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi, iyingxenye eyinhloko yezindonga zamangqamuzana ezitshalweni, ehlinzeka ngokusekela kwesakhiwo. Ukukhipha i-cellulose emsulwa ukotini kuhlanganisa ukuhlukanisa imicu ye-cellulose kwezinye izingxenye zesitshalo sikakotini, njenge-lignin, i-hemicellulose, ne-pectin.

I-Anatomy yezitshalo zikakotini

Ukuqonda ukwakheka kwesitshalo sikakotini kubalulekile ekukhishweni kwe-cellulose. Izintambo zikakotini ziyimbewu ye-trichomes, ekhula kusukela kumaseli e-epidermal we-cottonseed. Le micu ngokuyinhloko iqukethe i-cellulose, enenani elincane lamaprotheni, ama-wax, noshukela. Imicu kakotini ikhula emabholeni, okungama-capsules avikelayo amboze imbewu.

Inqubo Yokukhipha I-Cellulose

Ukuvuna: Inqubo iqala ngokuvuna amabholi kakotini avuthiwe ezitshalweni zikakotini. Ukuvuna ngomshini kuyindlela evame kakhulu, lapho imishini ikhipha amabholo ezitshalweni.

I-Ginning: Ngemva kokuvuna, ukotini uthola i-ginning, lapho imbewu ihlukaniswa khona nemicu. Le nqubo ihilela ukudlulisa ukotini emishinini ye-gin ekhipha imbewu emicu.

Ukuhlanza: Uma seyehlukanisiwe nembewu, imicu kakotini iyahlanzwa ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okunjengokungcola, amaqabunga, nezinye izinto zezitshalo. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi i-cellulose ekhishiwe ihlanzekile kakhulu.

Ikhadi: Ukwenza amakhadi kuyinqubo yomshini eqondanisa imicu kakotini ibe iwebhu encane. Isusa noma ikuphi ukungcola okusele futhi iqondanise imicu ukulungiselela ukuqhubeka nokucutshungulwa.

I-Degumming: Izintambo zikakotini ziqukethe ukungcola okungokwemvelo okufana nama-wax, ama-pectin, nama-hemicellulose, okubizwa ngokuthi “inhlaka.” I-Degumming ihlanganisa ukwelapha imicu kakotini ngezixazululo ze-alkaline noma ama-enzyme ukuze kukhishwe lokhu kungcola.

Ukuxubha: Ukuxubha kuyisinyathelo sokuzikhethela kodwa kuvame ukuqashwa ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlanza imicu ye-cellulose nokuthuthukisa ubumhlophe bayo. Ama-bleaching agents ahlukahlukene njenge-hydrogen peroxide noma okuphuma ku-chlorine angasetshenziswa kule nqubo.

I-Mercerization: I-Mercerization ihlanganisa ukwelapha imicu ye-cellulose ngesisombululo se-alkali esiyi-caustic, ngokuvamile i-sodium hydroxide. Le nqubo ikhulisa amandla, ukucwebezela, nokusondelana kwamadayi, okuwenza afaneleke kakhudlwana ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene.

I-Acid Hydrolysis: Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi ngokwezinjongo zezimboni, i-acid hydrolysis ingase isetshenziswe ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlephula i-cellulose ibe izinhlayiya ezincane, ezifanayo. Le nqubo ihilela ukwelapha i-cellulose nge-asidi ehlanjululwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo ukuze i-hydrolyze amabhondi e-glycosidic, ikhiphe amaketango amafushane e-cellulose noma ama-nanocrystals e-cellulose.

Ukugeza Nokomisa: Ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, imicu ye-cellulose igezwa kahle ukuze kukhishwe noma imaphi amakhemikhali ayizinsalela noma ukungcola. Kamuva, imicu yomiswa ibe umswakama odingekayo.

Izicelo ze-Pure Cellulose

I-cellulose ehlanzekile etholwe ukotini ithola ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene:

Izindwangu: Imicu yeCellulose iphothwa ibe yizintambo futhi ilukwe ibe izindwangu zokugqoka, izindwangu zasekhaya, nezisetshenziswa ezimbonini.

Iphepha Namaphepha: I-Cellulose iyisici esiyinhloko sephepha, i-paperboard, nemikhiqizo yekhadibhodi.

Ama-Biofuel: I-Cellulose ingaguqulwa ibe ama-biofuel njenge-ethanol ngezinqubo ezifana ne-enzymatic hydrolysis kanye nokuvutshelwa.

Izimboni Zokudla Nemithi: Okuphuma ku-cellulose kusetshenziswa njengamajini, ama-stabilizer, nama-emulsifiers ekudleni nasemikhiqizweni yezemithi.

Izimonyo: Okuphuma ku-cellulose kusetshenziselwa izimonyo kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu ukuze kuqiniswe futhi kuqiniswe izakhiwo.

Ukukhipha i-cellulose emsulwa ukotini kuhilela uchungechunge lwezinqubo zemishini nezamakhemikhali okuhloswe ngazo ukuhlukanisa imicu ye-cellulose kwezinye izingxenye zesitshalo sikakotini nokuyihlanza. Ukuqonda i-anatomy yesitshalo sikakotini nokusebenzisa amasu afanelekile afana nokugawula, ukususa i-degumming, ukuxubha, ne-mercerization kubalulekile ukuze uthole i-cellulose yekhwalithi ephezulu. I-cellulose emsulwa etholakala kukotini inemisebenzi ehlukahlukene ezimbonini zonkana, kusukela kwezindwangu kanye nokwenza iphepha kuya kuma-biofuels kanye nemithi, okuyenza ibe insiza yemvelo eguquguqukayo nebalulekile.