I-Cellulose ether (CE) iklasi lokuphuma kokunye okutholwe ngokushintsha amakhemikhali i-cellulose. I-Cellulose iyingxenye eyinhloko yezindonga zamaseli ezitshalo, futhi ama-cellulose ether awuchungechunge lwama-polymers akhiqizwa i-etherification yamaqembu athile e-hydroxyl (–OH) ku-cellulose. Asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni eminingi efana nezinto zokwakha, imithi, ukudla, izimonyo, njll., futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezihlukile zomzimba namakhemikhali kanye nokuhlukahluka.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-cellulose ethers
Ama-cellulose ether angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuya ngezinhlobo zama-substituent esakhiweni samakhemikhali. Ukuhlukaniswa okuvame kakhulu kusekelwe kumehluko wama-substitute. Ama-cellulose ether ajwayelekile ami kanje:
I-Methyl cellulose (MC)
I-Methyl cellulose ikhiqizwa ngokufaka ingxenye ye-hydroxyl ye-cellulose molecule nge-methyl (-CH₃). Inokuqina okuhle, ukwakheka kwefilimu kanye nezindawo ezibophayo futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokwakha, okokumboza, kwezemithi kanye nezimboni zokudla.
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose iyi-ether ye-cellulose evamile, esetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokwakha, imithi, amakhemikhali nsuku zonke kanye nezinkambu zokudla ngenxa yokuncibilika kwamanzi okungcono kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali. I-HPMC i-nonionic cellulose ether enezindawo zokugcina amanzi, ukujiya nokuzinza.
I-Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
I-Carboxymethyl cellulose i-anionic cellulose ether ekhiqizwa ngokwethula amaqembu e-carboxymethyl (–CH₂COOH) abe ama-molecule e-cellulose. I-CMC inokuncibilika okuhle kakhulu kwamanzi futhi ivamise ukusetshenziswa njenge-thickener, stabilizer kanye ne-ejenti yokumisa. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekudleni, emithini nasezimonyoni.
I-Ethyl cellulose (EC)
I-Ethyl cellulose itholakala ngokufaka esikhundleni seqembu le-hydroxyl ku-cellulose nge-ethyl (-CH₂CH₃). Ine-hydrophobicity enhle futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokugqoka ifilimu kanye nezinto ezikhishwayo ezilawulwayo embonini yezemithi.
2. Izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ze-cellulose ethers
Izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zama-cellulose ether zihlobene eduze nezici ezifana nohlobo lwe-cellulose ether, uhlobo lwe-substitute kanye nezinga lokushintsha. Izici zayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
Ukuncibilika kwamanzi nokuncibilika
Iningi lama-cellulose ether anomumo omuhle wamanzi futhi angancibilika emanzini abandayo noma ashisayo ukuze akhe isixazululo se-colloidal esisobala. Isibonelo, i-HPMC, i-CMC, njll. ingancibilika ngokushesha emanzini ukuze yenze isixazululo se-viscosity ephezulu, esisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimweni zohlelo lokusebenza ezinezidingo zokusebenza ezifana nokujiya, ukumiswa, nokwakheka kwefilimu.
Ukuqina kanye nezakhiwo zefilimu
Ama-cellulose ethers anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqina futhi angakhuphula ngempumelelo i-viscosity yezixazululo ezinamanzi. Isibonelo, ukungeza i-HPMC ezintweni zokwakha kungathuthukisa ipulasitiki nokusebenza kodaka futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zokulwa nokucwila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-cellulose ethers anezakhiwo ezinhle zokwakha ifilimu futhi angakha ifilimu yokuzivikela efanayo ebusweni bezinto, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi ekugqokeni nasekugqokeni izidakamizwa.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokuzinza
Ama-cellulose ether nawo anamandla amahle okugcina amanzi, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezinto zokwakha. Ama-cellulose ether avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka lukasimende, ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kokuqhekeka kodaka, nokwelula impilo yesevisi yodaka. Emkhakheni wokudla, i-CMC iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-humectant ukubambezela ukomiswa kokudla.
Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali
Ama-cellulose ethers abonisa ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali ku-asidi, i-alkali ne-electrolyte izixazululo, futhi angagcina ukwakheka kwawo nokusebenza ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zisetshenziswe ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwamanye amakhemikhali.
3. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-cellulose ether
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether kulungiselelwa ikakhulukazi ukusabela kwe-etherification ye-cellulose yemvelo. Izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zenqubo zihlanganisa ukwelashwa kwe-alkalization ye-cellulose, ukusabela kwe-etherification, ukuhlanzwa, njll.
Ukwelashwa kwe-alkalization
Okokuqala, i-cellulose yemvelo (njengokotini, ukhuni, njll.) yenziwa i-alkali ukuze iguqule ingxenye ye-hydroxyl ku-cellulose ibe usawoti wotshwala osebenza kakhulu.
Ukusabela kwe-Etherification
I-cellulose ngemva kwe-alkalization isabela nge-ejenti e-etherifying (efana ne-methyl chloride, i-propylene oxide, njll.) ukuze ikhiqize i-cellulose ether. Ngokuya ngezimo zokusabela, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-cellulose ethers zingatholakala.
Ukuhlanzwa nokomisa
I-cellulose ether ekhiqizwa ukusabela iyahlanzwa, igezwe futhi yomiswe ukuze kutholwe impushana noma umkhiqizo oyimbudumbudu. Ukuhlanzeka kanye nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo zomkhiqizo wokugcina zingalawulwa ngobuchwepheshe bokucubungula obulandelayo.
4. Izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether
Ngenxa yezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele zomzimba namakhemikhali we-cellulose ethers, asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini eziningi. Izinkambu eziyinhloko zohlelo lokusebenza zimi kanje:
Izinto zokwakha
Emkhakheni wezinto zokwakha, ama-cellulose ethers asetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-thieners kanye nama-ejenti okugcina amanzi odaka lukasimende kanye nemikhiqizo esekelwe ku-gypsum. Ama-cellulose ether afana ne-HPMC kanye ne-MC angathuthukisa ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka, anciphise ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise ukunamathela nokungangeni kokuqhekeka.
Umuthi
Embonini yezemithi, ama-cellulose ethers asetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-ejenti okugcoba ezidakamizwa, izinto zokunamathisela zamaphilisi, nezinto ezikhishwa okulawulwayo. Isibonelo, i-HPMC ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa ifilimu yezidakamizwa futhi inomphumela omuhle olawulwayo wokukhishwa.
Ukudla
I-CMC ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-thickener, emulsifier, kanye ne-stabilizer embonini yokudla. Isetshenziswa kakhulu eziphuzweni, emikhiqizweni yobisi, nasezimpahleni ezibhakwayo, futhi ingathuthukisa ukunambitheka kanye nezakhiwo zokuthambisa zokudla.
Izimonyo namakhemikhali nsuku zonke
Ama-cellulose ethers asetshenziswa njengama-thickeners nama-emulsifiers kanye neziqinisi kuzimonyo namakhemikhali ansuku zonke, anganikeza ukungaguquguquki okuhle nokuthungwa. Isibonelo, i-HPMC ivamise ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni efana ne-toothpaste ne-shampoo ukuze ibanike umuzwa we-viscous kanye nomthelela ozinzile wokumiswa.
Izembatho
Embonini yokumboza, ama-cellulose ether asetshenziswa njengama-thieners, abakhiqizi befilimu, nama-ejenti alengayo, angathuthukisa ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwama-coatings, athuthukise izinga, futhi anikeze ikhwalithi yefilimu kapende enhle.
5. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwama-cellulose ethers
Ngokukhula kwesidingo sokuvikelwa kwemvelo, i-cellulose ether, njengokuphuma kwemithombo yemvelo evuselelekayo, inamathuba abanzi entuthuko. I-biodegradability yayo, ukuvuselelwa kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo kwenza ilindeleke ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wezinto eziluhlaza, izinto eziwohlokayo kanye nezinto ezihlakaniphile esikhathini esizayo. Ukwengeza, i-cellulose ether iphinde ibe nokucwaninga okwengeziwe kanye namandla okuthuthukiswa emikhakheni ephezulu ye-value-added njengobunjiniyela be-biomedical kanye nezinto ezithuthukisiwe.
Njengomkhiqizo wamakhemikhali obalulekile, i-cellulose ether inohlu olubanzi lwenani lesicelo. Ngokujiya kwayo okuhle kakhulu, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukwakhiwa kwefilimu kanye nokuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali, idlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo emikhakheni eminingi njengokwakha, imithi, nokudla. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhuthazwa kwemiqondo yokuvikela imvelo, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether azoba banzi futhi enze umnikelo omkhulu ekukhuthazeni intuthuko esimeme yezimboni ezihlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-24-2024