Isitashi ether siwuhlobo olulungisiwe lwesitashi oluthole ukunakwa okusabalele ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zezimboni ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwazo kanye nezakhiwo ezihlukile. Nakuba ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezintweni ezinamathelayo ngamakhono ayo okubopha, ukufaneleka kwayo ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa.
1. Isingeniso se-starch ether:
Ama-starch ether aphuma kusitashi somdabu, okungama-polysaccharides atholakala ezitshalweni. Ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali, okuvamise ukubandakanya i-etherification, ama-starch ether akhiqizwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zawo futhi azenze zifaneleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okuthile. Inqubo yokuguqulwa ishintsha izakhiwo ze-hydrophilic kanye ne-hydrophobic yesitashi, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuzinza, ukuncibilika kanye nezakhiwo ze-rheological.
2. Izici ze-starch ether:
Ama-ether esitashi anezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile eziwenza athandeke ezinhlotsheni zezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni, okuhlanganisa nokunamathelayo. Lezi zakhiwo zihlanganisa:
A. Ancibilikayo Amanzi: Ama-starch ethers ancibilika emanzini futhi angafakwa kalula ekuhlanganiseni okunamathelayo futhi akhuthaze izici ezinhle zokumanzisa.
b. Ikhono lokwenza ifilimu: Ama-starch ether angakha amafilimu asiza okunamathelayo ukunamathela phezulu futhi anikeze amandla ezintweni zokunamathela.
C. Thickener: Isebenza njenge-thickener ekwakhiweni kokunamathela, okuthinta i-viscosity nokuthuthukisa izici zohlelo lokusebenza.
d. I-Biodegradability: Ama-starch ethers athathwe ezinsizeni ezivuselelekayo ngakho-ke ahambisana nemvelo futhi afanele izicelo ezigxile ekuzinzeni.
3. Izinto ezinamathelayo ze-starch ether:
Ama-ether esitashi angasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zokunamathisela, njenge:
A. Izinamatheliso zephepha nezokupakisha: Izinamathelisi zesitashi zivame ukusetshenziswa ephepheni nasezintweni zokupakisha ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zefilimu nokunamathelayo.
b. Izinto ezinamathelayo zokwakha: Ukuncibilika kwamanzi kanye nekhono lokujiya lesitashi se-ether kuyenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa njengezinamatheliso zokwakha ukusiza izinto zokwakha zebhondi.
C. Izinamatheliso Zokhuni: Embonini yokwenza izinkuni, ama-starch ethers asetshenziswa ekunamatheleni kwezinkuni ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla ebhondi futhi anikeze ukuzinza.
d. Izinamathiselo zendwangu: Isitashi i-ether sisetshenziswa ezintweni ezinamathelayo zendwangu ngenxa yekhono layo lokuhlanganisa imicu nokwandisa amandla endwangu.
4. Ukusebenza endaweni yokushisa ephezulu:
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu ahlangabezana nawo, ukusebenza kwe-starch ethers ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezithinta ukuziphatha kwayo kuleli cala:
A. Ukuzinza Kwe-Thermal: Ama-ether esitashi abonisa amazinga ahlukene okuzinza okushisayo kuye ngezinga lawo lokushintshwa kanye nokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali okukhethekile okusetshenziswa phakathi nenqubo ye-etherification.
b. Izinga lokushisa le-gelatinization: Izinga lokushisa le-gelatinization le-starch ether liyipharamitha eyinhloko ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi lizothinteka isisindo salo samangqamuzana kanye nezinga lokushintshwa.
C. Izinguquko ze-Viscosity: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angase aguqule i-viscosity yezinto ezinamathelayo eziqukethe ama-starch ether. Ukuqonda lezi zinguquko kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okunamathelayo okungaguquki.
d. Amandla Ebhondi: Amandla ebhondi okwakhiwa okuqukethe ama-ether esitashi angase athintwe izinga lokushisa, ngakho ukuqonda okuphelele kwezidingo ezithile zohlelo kuyadingeka.
5. Isu lokushintsha lokuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu:
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-starch ether ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu, amasu alandelayo okuguqula angasetshenziswa:
A. Cross-linking: I-cross-linking starch ether molecules inyusa ukuzinza kokushisa kanye nokumelana nezinguquko ze-viscosity ezibangelwa izinga lokushisa.
b. Ukuxutshwa nama-polymers amelana nokushisa: Ukuhlanganisa ama-ethers esitashi nama-polymers amelana nokushisa kungenza ukwakheka okunamathelayo okuyingxubevange okugcina ukuzinza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
C. Ukulungiswa kwamakhemikhali: Okunye ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali, okufana nokwethulwa kwamaqembu asebenzayo amelana nokushisa, kungacutshungulwa ukuze kuqondiswe ama-ethers esitashi ukuze asetshenziswe ezindaweni ezithile ezishisa kakhulu.
6. Izibonelo kanye nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo:
Ukuhlola izehlakalo zomhlaba wangempela kanye nezicelo ezingokoqobo kunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-starch ethers ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Izimboni lapho ukumelana nezinga lokushisa kubalulekile, njengezimoto, i-aerospace kanye ne-electronics, zinganikeza izibonelo ezibalulekile.
7. Ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo:
Njengoba ukukhathazeka kwemvelo kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu, ukubola kwe-biodegradability yesitashi ether kunezela inzuzo enkulu. Ukuhlola umthelela wendawo wezinto ezinamathelayo eziqukethe ama-starch ethers ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwezinqubo ezizinzile.
8. Izikhombisi-ndlela zesikhathi esizayo namathuba ocwaningo:
Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa emkhakheni wokuguqulwa kwesitashi se-ether kungavula amathuba amasha okusetshenziswa kwawo ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ukuhlola amasu okushintsha amanoveli, ukuqonda izindlela eziyisisekelo zokuzinza kwe-thermal, nokuhlonza ukusebenzisana namanye ama-polymer kuyizindawo ezifanele zophenyo.
9. Isiphetho:
Kafushane, ama-starch ether athembisa amakhandidethi okufaka izicelo zokunamathela, anohlu lwezindawo ezifiselekayo. Ukusebenza kwayo ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu kuncike ekucabangeni ngokucophelela izici ezifana nokuzinza kokushisa, izinga lokushisa kwe-gelatinization namandla ebhondi. Ngokulungisa amasu nokwakheka okusha, ama-starch ether angalungiselelwa ukubhekana nezinselele ezithile ezilethwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu, avule izindlela ezintsha zokusetshenziswa kwawo ezimbonini lapho ukumelana nokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka, indima yesitashi ether ekusetshenzisweni kokunamathelayo kungenzeka inwebeke, iqinise ngokwengeziwe isikhundla sazo njengezithako zokunamathela eziguquguqukayo nezisimeme.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-02-2023