Izimpushana ze-polymer ezihlakazeka kabusha (RDPs) zidlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ezokwakha, izinto zokunamathisela, nezingubo zokugqoka.Lezi zimpushana zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ze-cementitious materials, ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela, ukuguquguquka, nokuqina.Ukuqonda inqubo yokukhiqiza yama-RDP kubalulekile ukuze abakhiqizi baqinisekise imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu.
Ama-Raw material :
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimpushana ze-polymer ezihlakazeka kabusha kuqala ngokukhetha ngokucophelela izinto zokusetshenziswa ezithonya izakhiwo zomkhiqizo wokugcina.Izingxenye eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ama-polymer resins, ama-colloid avikelayo, ama-plasticizers, nezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene.
Ama-Polymer Resins: I-Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), i-vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE), nama-polymers e-acrylic avame ukusetshenziswa njengezinhlaka ze-polymer eziyinhloko.Lawa ma-resin ahlinzeka ngokunamathela, ukuguquguquka, nokumelana namanzi kuma-RDP.
I-Protective Colloids: I-Hydrophilic protective colloid efana ne-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) noma i-cellulose ethers yengezwa ukuze kuqiniswe izinhlayiya ze-polymer ngesikhathi somiswa nokugcinwa, ukuvimbela ukuhlanganisa.
Ama-Plasticizer: Ama-Plasticizer athuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kwama-RDP.Ama-plasticizers avamile ahlanganisa i-glycol ethers noma i-polyethylene glycols.
Izithasiselo: Izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene ezinjengama-dispersants, thickeners, nama-cross-linking agents zingase zifakwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo ezithile ezifana nokuhlakazeka, i-rheology, noma amandla emishini.
Amasu Okucubungula :
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimpushana ze-polymer ezihlakazeka kabusha kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokucubungula eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlanganisa i-emulsion polymerization, ukomisa isifutho, kanye nezinqubo zangemuva kokwelashwa.
I-Emulsion Polymerization:
Inqubo iqala nge-emulsion polymerization, lapho ama-monomers, amanzi, ama-emulsifiers, nama-initiators axutshwa ku-reactor ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo zokushisa nokucindezela.Ama-monomers enza izinhlayiya ze-latex ezihlakazeke emanzini.Ukukhethwa kwama-monomers kanye nezimo zokusabela kunquma ukwakheka kwe-polymer kanye nezakhiwo.
Ukuzinzisa kanye nokuhlanganisa:
Ngemuva kwe-polymerization, i-latex ithola ukuzinza ngokungeza ama-colloid okuzivikela nama-stabilizers.Lesi sinyathelo sivimbela i-particle coagulation futhi siqinisekisa ukuzinza kokuhlakazeka kwe-latex.Ama-coagulation agents angase angeniswe ukuze abangele ukuhlangana okulawulwayo kwezinhlayiya ze-latex, enze i-coagulum ezinzile.
Ukomisa Isifutho:
I-latex dispersion enezinzile bese ifakwa emshinini wokomisa isifutho.Egunjini lokumisa isifutho, ukuhlakazeka kwenziwa i-athomu ibe amaconsi amancane kusetshenziswa imibhobho yokucindezela okuphezulu.Umoya oshisayo wethulwa kanyekanye ukuze uhwamulise okuqukethwe kwamanzi, ushiye izinhlayiya eziqinile ze-polymer.Izimo zokomisa, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ongenisayo, isikhathi sokuhlala, nezinga lokugeleza komoya, kuthonya i-particle morphology kanye nezakhiwo zempushana.
Ngemuva Kokwelashwa:
Ukulandela ukomiswa kwesifutho, impushana ye-polymer ewumphumela ibhekana nezinqubo zangemva kokwelashwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwayo nokuzinza kwesitoreji.Lezi zinqubo zingabandakanya ukuguqulwa kwendawo, imbudumbudu, nokupakishwa.
a.Ukuguqulwa Komphezulu: Ama-ejenti asebenza phezu komhlaba noma ama-agent axhumanisa angasetshenziswa ukuze kulungiswe izakhiwo ezingaphezulu zezinhlayiya ze-polymer, zithuthukise ukuhlakazeka kwazo nokuhambisana nezinye izinto.
b.I-Granulation: Ukuze uthuthukise ukuphatha kanye nokuhlakazeka, i-polymer powder ingase ibe ne-granulation ukuze ikhiqize amasayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanayo futhi inciphise ukwakheka kothuli.
c.Ukupakisha: Ama-RDP okugcina apakishwa ezitsheni ezimelana nomswakama ukuze kuvinjelwe ukumuncwa komswakamo nokugcina ukuqina kwawo ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokuthuthwa.
Izinyathelo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi:
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungaguquguquki nokuthembeka kwezakhiwo zezimpushana ze-polymer ezihlakazeka kabusha.Amapharamitha abalulekile amaningana ayagadwa futhi alawulwe ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene:
Ikhwalithi Yempahla Engahluziwe: Ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokuhlolwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa ama-polymer, ama-colloid, nezithasiselo, kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yazo, ubumsulwa, nokuhambisana nesicelo esihlosiwe.
Ukuqapha Inqubo: Amapharamitha enqubo ebalulekile afana nezinga lokushisa lokusabela, ingcindezi, amazinga okuphakela kwe-monomer, nezimo zokomisa zigadwa ngokuqhubekayo futhi zilungiswe ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuvumelana.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinhlayiya: Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya, i-morphology, kanye nezakhiwo zangaphezulu zezimpushana ze-polymer zihlaziywa kusetshenziswa amasu afana ne-laser diffraction, i-electron microscopy, nokuhlaziywa kwendawo engaphezulu.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: Izimpushana ze-polymer ezihlakazeka kabusha zihlolwa ukusebenza okubanzi ukuze zihlole amandla azo okunamathelayo, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukumelana namanzi, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ngokuya ngamazinga emboni kanye nezidingo zamakhasimende.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuzinza: Ukuhlolwa kokuguga okusheshisiwe kanye nezifundo zokuzinza kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwama-RDP ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokulondoloza, okuhlanganisa ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa nokuswakama.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimpushana ze-polymer ezihlakazeka kabusha kuhilela uchungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezinyathelo, kusukela ku-emulsion polymerization kuya ku-spray drying kanye nezinqubo zokwelashwa.Ngokulawula ngokucophelela izinto zokusetshenziswa, izinhlaka zokucubungula, nezinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi, abakhiqizi bangaqinisekisa ikhwalithi engaguquki nokusebenza kwama-RDP ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene embonini yokwakha, yokunamathisela, neyokumboza.Ukuqonda ubunkimbinkimbi benqubo yokukhiqiza kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izici zomkhiqizo kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziguqukayo zamakhasimende emakethe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-12-2024