Isifinyezo:
1. I-ejenti yokumanzisa nokuhlakaza
2. I-Defoamer
3. Ukuqina
4. Izithasiselo ezakha ifilimu
5. I-anti-corrosion, anti-mildew kanye ne-anti-algae ejenti
6. Ezinye izithasiselo
1 I-ejenti yokumanzisa nokuhlakaza:
Izembatho ezisekelwe emanzini zisebenzisa amanzi njenge-solvent noma i-dispersion medium, futhi amanzi ane-dielectric engaguquki, ngakho-ke izimbobo ezisekelwe emanzini ziqiniswa ngokuyinhloko yi-electrostatic repulsion lapho ungqimba oluphindwe kabili lukagesi ludlulana.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohlelweni lokumboza olusekelwe emanzini, kuvame ukuba nama-polymers nama-non-ionic surfactants, akhangiswa ebusweni bokugcwalisa i-pigment, okwenza isithiyo se-steric futhi azinzise ukuhlakazeka.Ngakho-ke, amapende asekelwe emanzini kanye nama-emulsions afinyelela imiphumela ezinzile ngokusebenzisa isenzo esihlangene sokuxoshwa kwe-electrostatic kanye nokuvimbela i-steric.Ububi bayo ukungezwani kahle kwe-electrolyte, ikakhulukazi kuma-electrolyte anenani eliphezulu.
1.1 I-ejenti yokumanzisa
Ama-ejenti okumanzisa okufakwa emanzini ahlukaniswe abe i-anionic ne-nonionic.
Inhlanganisela ye-ejenti yokumanzisa kanye ne-ejenti ehlakazayo ingafinyelela imiphumela emihle.Inani le-ejenti yokumanzisa ngokuvamile limbalwa ngenkulungwane.Umphumela walo omubi ukhihliza amagwebu futhi unciphisa ukumelana namanzi kwefilimu yokumboza.
Enye yezindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwama-ejenti wokumanzisa ukufaka kancane kancane esikhundleni se-polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) phenol ether (APEO noma i-APE) ama-ejenti wokumanzisa, ngoba kuholela ekunciphiseni kwamahomoni wesilisa kumagundane futhi kuphazamise i-endocrine.I-Polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) phenol ethers isetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-emulsifiers ngesikhathi se-emulsion polymerization.
Ama-Twin surfactants nawo ayintuthuko entsha.Kungama-amphiphilic molecule amabili axhunywe i-spacer.Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu sama-surfactants angama-twin cell ukuthi i-critical micelle concentration (CMC) ingaphezu kwe-oda le-magnitude ephansi kunaleyo yama-surfactants "eseli elilodwa", okulandelwa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.Njenge-TEGO Twin 4000, iyi-twin cell siloxane surfactant, futhi inegwebu elingazinzile kanye nezakhiwo eziqeda amagwebu.
Imikhiqizo yomoya ithuthukise ama-Gemini surfactants.Ama-surfactants endabuko anomsila we-hydrophobic kanye nekhanda le-hydrophilic, kodwa lo mshini omusha unamaqembu amabili we-hydrophilic kanye namaqembu amabili noma amathathu e-hydrophobic, okuyi-surfactant esebenzayo , eyaziwa ngokuthi i-acetylene glycols, imikhiqizo efana ne-EnviroGem AD01.
1.2 I-Disperate
Izisabalalisi zopende we-latex zihlukaniswe izigaba ezine: ama-phosphate dispersants, ama-polyacid homopolymer dispersants, ama-polyacid copolymer dispersants namanye ama-disperants.
Ama-phosphate dispersants asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-polyphosphates, njenge-sodium hexametaphosphate, i-sodium polyphosphate (i-Calgon N, umkhiqizo we-BK Giulini Chemical Company eJalimane), i-potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP) kanye ne-tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP).Indlela yesenzo sayo ukuzinzisa ukuhoxiswa kwe-electrostatic ngokusebenzisa i-hydrogen bonding kanye ne-chemical adsorption.Inzuzo yayo ukuthi umthamo uphansi, cishe u-0.1%, futhi unomphumela omuhle wokuhlakazeka kuma-pigments we-inorganic kanye nezigcwalisi.Kodwa futhi kukhona ukushiyeka: eyodwa, kanye nokukhushulwa kwenani le-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa, i-polyphosphate i-hydrolyzed kalula, ibangela ukuqina kokugcina isikhathi eside kubi;Ukuncibilika okungaphelele phakathi kuzothinta ukucwebezela kopende ocwebezelayo we-latex.
I-Phosphate ester dispersants iyinhlanganisela yama-monoester, ama-diesters, ama-alcohol asele kanye ne-phosphoric acid.
Izisabalalisi ze-Phosphate ester zizinzisa ukuhlakazeka kwe-pigment, okuhlanganisa nama-pigments asebenzayo njenge-zinc oxide.Ekwakhekeni kopende ocwebezelayo, kuthuthukisa ukucwebezela nokuhlanzeka.Ngokungafani nezinye izithasiselo zokumanzisa nezihlakazayo, ukungezwa kwama-phosphate ester dispersants akuthinti i-KU ne-ICI viscosity ye-coating.
I-polyacid homopolymer dispersant, njenge-Tamol 1254 ne-Tamol 850, i-Tamol 850 iyi-homopolymer ye-methacrylic acid.I-polyacid copolymer dispersant, njenge-Orotan 731A, okuyi-copolymer ye-diisobutylene ne-maleic acid.Izici zalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-dispersants ukuthi zikhiqiza i-adsorption eqinile noma i-anchoring ebusweni be-pigment kanye nezigcwalisi, zinamaketanga ama-molecular amade ukuze zenze isithiyo se-steric, futhi zibe nokuncibilika kwamanzi ekugcineni kweketango, kanti ezinye zengezwa ukuxoshwa kwe-electrostatic ukuze thola imiphumela ezinzile.Ukwenza i-dispersibility ibe nokuhlakazeka okuhle, isisindo samangqamuzana kufanele silawulwe ngokuqinile.Uma isisindo samangqamuzana sincane kakhulu, kuyoba nesithiyo esinganele se-steric;uma isisindo samangqamuzana sikhulu kakhulu, i-flocculation izokwenzeka.Kuma-polyacrylate dispersants, umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuhlakazeka ungafinyelelwa uma izinga le-polymerization liyi-12-18.
Ezinye izinhlobo zokusabalalisa, njenge-AMP-95, zinegama lekhemikhali elithi 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.Iqembu le-amino likhangisiwe phezu kwezinhlayiya ze-inorganic, futhi iqembu le-hydroxyl lidlulela emanzini, elidlala indima yokusimamisa ngokusebenzisa isithiyo esibulalayo.Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane, isithiyo se-steric sinqunyelwe.I-AMP-95 ngokuyinhloko isilawuli se-pH.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo lwama-dispersants luye lwanqoba inkinga ye-flocculation ebangelwa isisindo esiphezulu samangqamuzana, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu kungenye yezitayela.Isibonelo, i-high molecular weight dispersant EFKA-4580 ekhiqizwe i-emulsion polymerization ithuthukiswe ngokukhethekile ukugqoka izimboni ezisekelwe emanzini, ezifanele ukuhlakazeka kwe-pigment ye-organic kanye ne-inorganic, futhi inokumelana okuhle kwamanzi.
Amaqembu e-amino anobudlelwane obuhle bemibala eminingi ngokusebenzisa i-acid-base noma i-hydrogen bonding.I-block copolymer dispersant ene-aminoacrylic acid njengoba iqembu lokunamathisela linakiwe.
I-dispersant nge-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate njengeqembu lokunamathisela
Isengezo se-Tego Dispers 655 esimanzisa nesihlakazayo sisetshenziswa opende bezimoto abaphuma emanzini hhayi nje ukukhomba umbala kodwa futhi nokuvimbela impushana ye-aluminium ukuthi ingasabeli emanzini.
Ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwemvelo, ama-ejenti abolayo okumanzisa kanye nezihlakazayo athuthukisiwe, njenge-EnviroGem AE uchungechunge lwama-twin cell wetting and dispersing agents, okungama-ejenti okumanzisa namagwebu amancane ahlakazayo.
2 i-defoamer:
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-defoam kapende asekelwe emanzini endabuko, ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: ama-mineral oil defoamers, ama-polysiloxane defoamers namanye ama-defoam.
Ama-mineral oil defoamers avame ukusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi kumapende we-latex ayisicaba kanye ne-semi-gloss latex.
Ama-polysiloxane defoamers anengcindezi ephansi ebusweni, amandla aqinile okukhipha amagwebu kanye ne-antifoaming, futhi ayithinti isicwebezelisi, kodwa uma esetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele, azodala amaphutha njengokushwabana kwefilimu enamathelayo kanye nokungakwazi ukuphinda kuhlanganiswe kahle.
Ama-defoams wendabuko asekelwe emanzini asekelwe emanzini awahambisani nesigaba samanzi ukuze afeze injongo yokukhipha amagwebu, ngakho-ke kulula ukukhiqiza ukukhubazeka okungaphezulu kwefilimu yokugqoka.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwasungulwa ama-defoam asezingeni lamangqamuzana.
Le ejenti ye-antifoaming iyi-polymer eyakhiwe ngokuxhunyelelwa ngokuqondile izinto ezisebenzayo ze-antifoaming entweni ethwalayo.Iketango lamangqamuzana e-polymer lineqembu elimanzisa i-hydroxyl, into esebenzayo ekhipha ugwebu isakazwa ku-molecule, into esebenzayo akulula ukuyihlanganisa, futhi ukuhambisana nesistimu yokumboza kuhle.Ama-defoamers anjalo e-molecular-level ahlanganisa amafutha amaminerali - uchungechunge lwe-FoamStar A10, uchungechunge oluqukethe i-silicon - i-FoamStar A30 uchungechunge, kanye ne-non-silicon, ama-polymers angewona amafutha - uchungechunge lwe-FoamStar MF.
Kuphinde kubikwe ukuthi le defoamer yeleveli yamangqamuzana isebenzisa ama-polymer enkanyezi agxunyekwe kakhulu njengama-surfactants angahambelani, futhi izuze imiphumela emihle ekusetshenzisweni kokunameka okusekelwe emanzini.I-Air Products i-defoamer yezinga le-molecular ebikwe ngu-Stout et al.iyi-ejenti yokulawula igwebu esekelwe ku-acetylene glycol kanye ne-defoamer enezinto zombili zokumanzisa, njenge-Surfynol MD 20 ne-Surfinol DF 37.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqiza i-zero-VOC coatings, kukhona nama-defoams angenayo i-VOC, njenge-Agitan 315, i-Agitan E 255, njll.
I-3 Thickeners:
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokujiya, okwamanje ezisetshenziswa kakhulu i-cellulose ether kanye nokuphuma kwayo, ama-alkali-swellable thickeners (HASE) nama-polyurethane thickeners (HEUR).
3.1.I-cellulose ether kanye nokuphuma kwayo
IHydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) yaqala ukukhiqizwa ezimbonini yi-Union Carbide Company ngo-1932, futhi inomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwengama-70.Njengamanje, ukuqina kwe-cellulose ether nokuphuma kwayo ikakhulukazi kufaka i-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), i-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC), i-ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC), i-methyl hydroxypropyl Base cellulose (MHPC), i-methyl cellulose (MC) kanye ne-xanthan gum. njll., lawa ama-thickeners angewona ama-ionic, futhi angezama-thickeners wesigaba samanzi angahlobene.Phakathi kwazo, i-HEC isetshenziswa kakhulu kupende we-latex.
I-Hydrophobically modified cellulose (HMHEC) yethula inani elincane lamaqembu e-alkyl enamaketanga amade e-hydrophobic kumgogodla we-hydrophilic we-cellulose ukuze ibe i-associative thickener, njenge-Natrosol Plus Grade 330, 331, Cellosize SG-100, Bermocoll EHM-100.Ukuqina kwayo kuqhathaniswa nokuqina kwe-cellulose ether enesisindo samangqamuzana esikhulu kakhulu.Ithuthukisa i-viscosity nokulinganisa kwe-ICI, futhi inciphisa ukungezwani kwendawo, njengokushuba kwendawo ye-HEC cishe ku-67mN/m, futhi ukungezwani kwendawo ye-HMHEC kungu-55-65mN/m.
3.2 I-alkali-swellable thickener
I-alkali-swellable thickeners ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: i-non-associative alkali-swellable thickeners (ASE) kanye ne-associative alkali-swellable thickeners (HASE), okuyi-anionic thickeners.I-ASE engahlotshaniswa nayo i-emulsion yokuvuvukala ye-polyacrylate alkali.I-Associative HASE i-hydrophobically modified polyacrylate alkali emulsion yokuvuvukala.
3.3.I-polyurethane thickener kanye ne-hydrophobically modified non-polyurethane thickener
I-Polyurethane thickener, ebizwa ngokuthi i-HEUR, iyi-hydrophobic group-modified ethoxylated polyurethane water-soluble polymer, okungeye-non-ionic associative thickener.I-HEUR yakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu: iqembu le-hydrophobic, i-hydrophilic chain neqembu le-polyurethane.Iqembu le-hydrophobic lidlala indima yokuhlangana futhi liyisici esinqumayo sokuqina, ngokuvamile i-oleyl, i-octadecyl, i-dodecylphenyl, i-nonylphenol, njll. Iketanga le-hydrophilic linganikeza ukuqina kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuzinza kwe-viscosity, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ama-polyethers, njenge-polyoxyethylene kanye nokuphuma kwayo.Iketango lamangqamuzana e-HEUR linwetshwa ngamaqembu e-polyurethane, njenge-IPDI, TDI kanye ne-HMDI.Isici sesakhiwo se-associative thickeners ukuthi aqedwa ngamaqembu angama-hydrophobic.Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushintshwa kwamaqembu e-hydrophobic kuzo zombili iziphetho zamanye ama-HEUR atholakalayo kwezohwebo lingaphansi kuka-0.9, futhi elingcono kakhulu lingu-1.7 kuphela.Izimo zokusabela kufanele zilawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze kutholwe i-polyurethane thickener enokusabalalisa kwesisindo samangqamuzana amancane nokusebenza okuzinzile.Ama-HEUR amaningi ahlanganiswa nge-stepwise polymerization, ngakho-ke ama-HEUR atholakala ngokuthengisa ngokuvamile ayingxube yezisindo zamangqamuzana abanzi.
Richey et al.isebenzise i-fluorescent tracer pyrene association thickener (PAT, inombolo eyisilinganiso sesisindo semolekyuli engu-30000, isisindo esimaphakathi nesisindo esingu-60000) ukuthola ukuthi ekuhlanganiseni okungu-0.02% (isisindo), idigri ye-micelle aggregation ye-Acrysol RM-825 kanye ne-PAT yayicishe ibe ngu-6. amandla okuhlanganisa phakathi kwe-thickener kanye nobuso bezinhlayiya ze-latex cishe ku-25 KJ / mol;indawo ehlala i-molecule ngayinye ye-PAT thickener ebusweni bezinhlayiya ze-latex cishe i-13 nm2, emayelana nendawo ehlala i-Triton X-405 i-ejenti yokumanzisa izikhathi ezingu-14 ku-0.9 nm2.I-Associative polyurethane thickener efana ne-RM-2020NPR, DSX 1550, njll.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-asociative polyurethane thickeners ahambisana nemvelo sekuthole ukunakwa okusabalele.Isibonelo, i-BYK-425 iyi-VOC- kanye ne-APEO-free urea-modified polyurethane thickener.I-Rheolate 210, i-Borchi Gel 0434, i-Tego ViscoPlus 3010, i-3030 ne-3060 ziyi-Associative polyurethane thickener ngaphandle kwe-VOC ne-APEO.
Ngaphezu komugqa wokujiya we-asociative polyurethane ochazwe ngenhla, kukhona nokujiya okufana nekama associative polyurethane.Okubizwa ngokuthi i-comb association polyurethane thickener kusho ukuthi kuneqembu elilengayo le-hydrophobic phakathi kwe-molecule ngayinye yokuqina.Ama-thickeners afana ne-SCT-200 ne-SCT-275 njll.
I-hydrophobically modified aminoplast thickener (i-hydrophobically modified ethoxylated aminoplast thickener-HEAT) ishintsha i-amino resin ekhethekile ibe ngamaqembu amane ane-hydrophobic, kodwa ukusebenza kabusha kwalezi zindawo ezine zokusabela kuhlukile.Ekwengezeni okujwayelekile kwamaqembu e-hydrophobic, kunamaqembu amabili kuphela avinjiwe we-hydrophobic, ngakho-ke i-synthetic hydrophobic modified amino thickener ayifani kakhulu ne-HEUR, njenge-Optiflo H 500. Uma amaqembu e-hydrophobic engeziwe engeziwe, afana nokufika ku-8%, izimo zokusabela zingalungiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-amino thickeners anamaqembu amaningi avinjiwe we-hydrophobic.Yiqiniso, lokhu kubuye kube ukuqina kwekama.Le hydrophobic modified amino thickener ingavimbela i-viscosity kapende ukuthi ingawi ngenxa yokwengezwa kwenani elikhulu lama-surfactants kanye nezincibilikisi ze-glycol lapho ukufanisa umbala kwengezwa.Isizathu siwukuthi amaqembu aqinile e-hydrophobic angavimbela ukuchithwa, futhi amaqembu amaningi e-hydrophobic anobudlelwane obuqinile.Ama-thickeners afana ne-Optiflo TVS.
I-Hydrophobic modified polyether thickener (HMPE) Ukusebenza kwe-hydrophobically modified polyether thickener kufana ne-HEUR, futhi imikhiqizo ihlanganisa i-Aquaflow NLS200, NLS210 kanye ne-NHS300 ye-Hercules.
Indlela yayo yokuqina iwumphumela wakho kokubili i-hydrogen bonding kanye nokuhlangana kwamaqembu ekugcineni.Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-thickeners avamile, inezindawo ezingcono zokuqeda ukuhlalisa kanye ne-anti-sag.Ngokusho kwe-polarity ehlukene yamaqembu okugcina, izingqimba ze-polyurea eziguquliwe zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu: i-polarity polyurea thickeners, i-polarity polyurea thickeners ephakathi kanye ne-polarity polyurea thickeners.Okubili kokuqala kusetshenziselwa ukujiya okusekelwe ku-solvent, kuyilapho ama-high-polarity polyurea thickeners angasetshenziselwa kokubili i-high-polarity-based-solvent-based coatings ne-water-based.Imikhiqizo yezentengiselwano ye-polarity ephansi, i-polarity emaphakathi kanye ne-polyurea thickeners ephezulu yi-BYK-411, BYK-410 ne-BYK-420 ngokulandelanayo.
I-Modified polyamide wax slurry iyisengezo se-rheological esenziwa ngokwethula amaqembu e-hydrophilic afana ne-PEG ochungechungeni lwamangqamuzana e-amide wax.Njengamanje, ezinye izinhlobo zingeniswa kwamanye amazwe futhi zisetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukulungisa i-thixotropy yesistimu futhi kuthuthukiswe i-anti-thixotropy.Ukusebenza kwe-Anti-sag.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-22-2022