Abstract:
Imboni yezokwakha idlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni izwe lanamuhla, lapho usimende uyisakhiwo esiyisisekelo.Sekuyiminyaka abacwaningi nonjiniyela beqhubeka nokubheka izindlela zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kukasimende.I-avenue eyodwa ethembisayo ihilela ukungezwa kwezithasiselo, lapho i-calcium formate isibe umdlali owaziwayo.
ethula:
Usimende uyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakha futhi udinga ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezishintshayo zemboni.Ukwengezwa kwezithasiselo kuye kwafakazela ukuthi kuyisu eliphumelelayo lokuthuthukisa izici ezihlukahlukene zikasimende.I-calcium formate, inhlanganisela ekhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-calcium oxide ne-formic acid, idonse ukunaka ngamandla ayo okuthuthukisa izakhiwo zikasimende.Lesi sihloko sihlose ukucacisa izindlela i-calcium eyakheka ngayo ethinta kahle ikhwalithi nokusebenza kukasimende.
Izici ze-Calcium Formate Chemical:
Ngaphambi kokuhlolisisa imiphumela ye-calcium formate kusimende, kubalulekile ukuqonda i-chemistry yalesi sengezo.I-calcium formate iyimpushana ecwebezelayo emhlophe enefomula yamakhemikhali ethi Ca(HCOO)2.Iyancibilika emanzini futhi inezakhiwo ze-hygroscopic.Inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele ye-calcium ne-formate ions inikeza izakhiwo ezithile ze-compound, okwenza ifaneleke ezihlukahlukene zezicelo, kuhlanganise nokuthuthukiswa kukasimende.
Indlela:
Ukufakwa kwe-calcium formate kuzingxube zikasimende kwethula izindlela ezimbalwa ezifaka isandla ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza.Enye indlela enkulu ihilela ukusheshiswa kwe-cement hydration.I-calcium formate isebenza njenge-catalyst, ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwama-hydrates njenge-calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) ne-ettringite.Lokhu kusheshisa kubangela izikhathi zokusetha ngokushesha futhi kwandise ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuqala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-calcium formate isebenza njengendawo ye-nucleation ye-hydrate precipitation, ithinta i-microstructure ye-matrix kasimende.Lokhu kuguqulwa kubangela ukusabalalisa kwe-hydrate okuminyene futhi okufanayo, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuqina nokunciphisa ukungena.
Ukwengeza, i-calcium formate ibamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-pozzolanic, lapho ihlangana ne-calcium hydroxide ukuze yakhe ijeli ye-CSH eyengeziwe.Lokhu kusabela akugcini nje ngokunikela ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla kodwa futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokulibaziseka kwe-ettringite formation (DEF), into engase ibeke engozini ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kukasimende.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi usimende:
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuqala:
Ikhono le-calcium formate ukusheshisa ukugeleza kukasimende lihumusha ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla okuqala.Lokhu kubalulekile kumaphrojekthi wokwakha lapho amandla adinga ukutholwa ngokushesha.Isikhathi sokusetha esisheshisiwe esithuthukiswa i-calcium formate singaholela ekususweni kwe-formwork ngokushesha kanye nenqubekelaphambili yokwakha ngokushesha.
Ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe:
I-calcium formate yengezwa ukuze kushintshwe i-microstructure kasimende, okuholela entweni ehlala isikhathi eside.Ukukhula kokuminyana nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwama-hydrate kunomthelela ekwandeni kokumelana nokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali, imijikelezo yokuncibilika kweqhwa, nokuguga.Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo sikasimende esiphathwe nge-calcium formate sibonisa impilo yesevisi ende.
Yehlisa ukungeneka:
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukuqina kukakhonkolo ukuqina kwawo.I-calcium formate inciphisa ukungeneka ngokuthinta ukwakheka kwembotshana ye-matrix kasimende.Ukwakheka kwe-matrix eminyene enezimbotshana ezicolekile kunciphisa ukungena kwamanzi nezinto ezinolaka, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukumelana kukakhonkolo ekuwohlokeni.
Ukunciphisa I-Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR):
Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi i-calcium formate inganciphisa ingozi yokusabela kwe-alkali-silica, inqubo eyingozi engabangela ukwakheka kwejeli yokuvuvukala nokuqhekeka kukhonkolo.Ngokuthinta ukwakheka kwembotshana kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali odaka lukasimende, i-calcium formate isiza ukunciphisa amandla omonakalo ohlobene ne-ASR.
Izithuthukisi zokusebenza:
Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe:
Umphumela we-calcium formate ku-sement hydration unomthelela omuhle ekusebenzeni kukakhonkolo omusha.Isikhathi esimisiwe esisheshisiwe kanye ne-kinetics ye-hydration ethuthukisiwe isiza ukuthuthukisa izici zokugeleza, ukwenza kube lula ukubekwa nokuminyana kukakhonkolo.Lokhu kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi lapho ukubekeka kalula kubalulekile.
ukulawula izinga lokushisa:
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-calcium formate kusimende kusiza ekwehliseni imiphumela yamazinga okushisa aphezulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokwelapha.Ukusheshisa izikhathi zokusetha okuholela ekufomeni kwe-calcium kungasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla futhi kunciphise ukuba sengozini kukakhonkolo ezinkingeni ezihlobene nezinga lokushisa njengokuqhekeka kokushisa.
Ukucatshangelwa kokusimama:
I-calcium formate inezakhiwo ezihlangabezana nezinjongo zokusimama zemboni yezokwakha.I-pozzolanic reactivity yayo yenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezilahlwayo, futhi umthelela wayo ekuqineni nasekuphileni isikhathi eside kunomthelela ekwehlisweni okuphelele kwemithelela yemvelo ehambisana nokushintsha nokulungisa izakhiwo ezigugile.
Izinselelo nokucatshangelwa:
Nakuba izinzuzo zokufaka i-calcium formate kusimende zicacile, izinselele ezingase zibe khona kanye nemikhawulo kufanele kucatshangelwe.Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izindleko ezikhuphukile, ukusebenzelana okungaba khona nezinye izingxube, kanye nesidingo sokulawulwa komthamo ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela engemihle.Ukwengeza, ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside nokuqina kukakhonkolo one-calcium ene-formate ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zemvelo kugunyaza ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nezifundo zasensimini.
Ekuphetheni:
Ukufaka i-calcium formate kusimende kuyindlela ethembisayo yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwale nto yokwakha ebalulekile.Ngokusebenzisa indlela yayo yokusebenza enezici eziningi, i-calcium formate isheshisa ukugeleza kwamanzi, ithuthukisa i-microstructure futhi inikele ezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo ezifiselekayo, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuqala, ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokunciphisa ukuvuthwa.Njengoba imboni yezokwakha iqhubeka nokuvela, indima yezithasiselo ezifana ne-calcium formate ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zikasimende kungenzeka ibaluleke kakhulu.Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo ngokungangabazeki zizophinde ziveze amandla aphelele futhi aphelele ukusetshenziswa kwe-calcium formate ekwakhekeni kukasimende, okuvula indlela yezakhiwo eziqinile neziqinile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-05-2023